| Rivers and drainage basins are the natural geographic units with clear boundaries and relative independence. For the research of rivers and drainage basins are important in physical geography, since the fifties of last century, scientists began to explore the quantitative method of the landscape research. Today there are many mathematical models of drainage basins study.The study area of the article is Beisha river drainage basin where is located in the region of Taishan Mountain of Shandong Province, and is belongs to the district of Changqing of Jinan City and Tai'an City . The scope of study is east to the western of Motian Mount , west to the Xiaolu village of Changqing District , south to Jieshouzhen of Changqing District, and north to the Laowangfu village. Used the traditional geomorphologic field investigation method and the mathematical statistics, regression analysis model of network systems and drainage basin, the author analyzed the characteristics of network structure and its development, the landforms and the geomorphic structure , geomorphic erosion ,and other aspects of the Beisha river drainage basin, and also discussed the environment problems within the catchment.Using the GIS software and from 1:50000 digital topographic maps of the region, the author extracted the relevant landscape information, made a mathematical statistics with SPSS software, and draw a variety of geomorphic parameters and model data of the Beisha river drainage basin .Through mathematical analysis using the model of the ARCGIS spatial analysis tools, the author obtained a series of parameters of water network of the drainage basin. The bifurcation ratio of the channels is between 2 to 5.66, the average bifurcation ratio of the network is 3.487; the channel average lengths ratio is between 0.417 to 15.68, the ratio of average length of the whole network is 2.154; the channel average gradient of levels is between 0.165 to 0.875, the average gradient of the network is 0.4377. Parameters of the water networks of Beisha river drainage basin shows that low and middle level channels are now in the relatively initial stage of development, and the channels with higher level is in more mature stage of development. The development of the water network of Beisha river drainage basin is controlled by geological structures. The trunk channel of the network is belongs to the structure consequent river, and the whole network is the trellis type approximately.In this paper, an area—elevation integral method is adopted to study the landscape development stage of Beisha river drainage basin. It is concluded that the watershed erosion integral value is 0.2251. Thus, the river landscape development is in a stable stage. It overall belongs to the late stage of erosion development while the low mountain area is in vigorous stage of erosion in southern.The study area is low mountain and hilly area. On macroscopic perspective, geomorphologic types can be divided into low mountain erosion area, erosion hilly area and piedmont plain area. The low mountain erosion area is 155.36 km~2 and can be separated into metamorphic rock and limestone low mountain erosion area located in watershed region of southern river basin; the erosion hilly area is 262.59 km~2 and can be separated into metamorphic rock and limestone erosion hilly area located in the periphery of low mountain erosion area also; the piedmont plain area is 122.3 km~2 and can be divided into piedmont erosion - accumulation plain and alluvial plain which is located in the downstream of watershed area and distributed in the periphery of eroding hilly area. From the kind of landform perspective, it can be divided into hill slope, intermountain plain, valley, mountain erosion gully, piedmont loess gully and piedmont plain. And the hill slope area is 417.95 km~2 ,while the intermountain plain is 81.24 km~2 in area.There are many geomorphologic environmental problems in this study area. For most of the area is in mountain and hilly region, the soil erosion is serious in Beisha river drainage basin, and it is influenced manly by the geographic location, climate, topographic, formation lithological and some unnatural factors. Measures should be taken according to different positions and conditions in the basin such as comprehensive harness of small watershed etc. . The slope stability is poor and geomorphologic disasters such as collapse, landslide occur frequently affected by some factors such as geological structure, terrain, slope, lithology and slope-shape. Management and prevention measures should be taken according to disaster rules. Human effects also have a great impact on the ecological environment of the study area. Relying on the natural conditions of mountain land, the study area has many landform and geological landscape resources which have certain value of tourism development such as Mantou Hill geological relics. Some appropriate methods should be adopted for its development and protection. Not only let this precious stratigraphic profile get attention, but also give it a good protect from destroy.
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