Geomorphologic Surface And Geomorphologic Evolution In The Central And Southern Mountainous Area Of Shandong Province

Utilizing various methods and taking Mount Tai and Mount Lu as a case, the geomorphologic surface and geomorphologic evolution in the central and southern mountainous area of Shandong province ( CSMASP ) is studied in this paper.At the beginning of the paper, former achievements on physiographic period research are summarized in the paper. Contradicts between the former documents are also analyzed and clarified.( 1 ) In the part of pre-quaternary geomorphologic surface research, the method of geomorphologic surface identification and comparison is summarized systematically. It is indicated that the karsts denudation surface in the Mount Lu and that of southern Shandong province are the same denudation surface. Based on the relation between the level of cave and denudation surface, the hilltop on the north of Mount Tai is also the denudation surface formed in the same period. They are all called Yangping period denudation surface and were formed in the Miocene Epoch and the Pliocene Epoch.(2) By altitude-area analysis, comprehensive study on river captures, C-14 dating, loess indexesAanalysis and method of environmental archaeology, the quaternary geomorphologic evolution in CSMASP is researched thoroughly.(i) Altitude-area analysis is a traditional but effective method on geomorphologic study. In this paper, altitude-area analysis is used in the research of quaternary geomorphologic evolution. Based on the data of vector topographic map, the geomorphologic evolution stage of CSMASP is studied with the aid of Maplnfo and Arc View. It is indicated that the research area is in the middle age and old age according to the Davisan stage determine of geomorphologic evolution. The uplift and denuded amount in the period of neo-tectonics and the elevation of denudation surface of Lincheng Period (mainly in quaternary) are also discussed.(ii) The river captures in CSMASP are studied primarily but systematically. The Longdong river capture which lies on the edge of CSMASP and Yiyuan river capture which lies on the central of CSMASP are studied thoroughly. Morphology and sediment evidence are also proposed. It is indicated that river captures are the responses of river system for tectonic upheaval. The Longdong River capture between YufuRiver and Daxin River in Jinan city, took place in the early quaternary, when the denudation surface of Yangping Period has already formed and the quaternary tectonic upheaval began to start. The Yiyuan River capture between Yihe Raver and Dawen River, was formed in Holocene. So, river capture can be taken as the time and space scale of geomorphologic evolution in quaternary in CSMASR It can represent the process of river head wards erosion, expand of Lincheng Period denudation surface and the broken of Yangping Period denudation surface.(iii) By C-14 dating, size and sediment indexes analysis, the Malan loess is studied which is the main component of the second terrace in CSMASP. It is indicated that the loess was mainly formed in late Epipleistocene. And its sediment indexes can be compared with that of Loess Plateau roughly, though they have different formation causes and provenance. The second terrace was formed between 13000-8500a BP, while the first terrace was formed between 4000~500a BP. The flood plain is the result of modern river action.(3) Research on geomorphologic surface and geomorphologic evolution has important theoretical significance and application value. In the end of the paper, significance and application of the research achievement is discussed in the fields of soil preservation, environmental archaeology, land assessment, engineering, neo-tectonics and tourism development.