Evaluation Of Microclimate And Air Anion Effects In Mountainous Rural Residential Forests

China is now in the exploration to build new countryside, the construction of rural residential forests is not only the foundation of ecological improvement but also the key component of economic development which plays a positive role in improving rural ecological environment and landscape, narrowing greening binary structure and greening villager's living environment. So it is very important to choice reasonable and efficient modes in the process of the construction of socialist new countryside. Shandong province has already begin to value the governance of rural environment in recent years and has focused on building rural residential forests. However, it still existed great blindness in electing reasonable modes because of the construction of rural residential forests in Shandong province was in the stage of initial and development .Took the southern mountains in Jinan as an example, the value of microclimate and air anion was evaluated by the membership function method in order to choice the best rural residential forests modes in this paper which aimed at the realistic situation of rural residential construction in mountainous areas in Shandong province and on the basis of classification system about country human habitat forest type and modes. The results had important reference value for the construction of mountainous rural residential forests. Main conclusions are as follows:1. Effect of regulating microclimate in rural residential forests(1) Effect of regulating light intensityComprehensive analysis shows that rural residential forests has obvious shading effect, daily variation rule is consistent among different types, the value of light intensity gradually rises from 8 o'clock, reaches the peak around 14:00, and then begins to decline. Summer has the most obvious effects in shading, winter has the worst one. The average shading rate is between 13.83 percent and 86.10 percent.(2) Effect of regulating atmospheric temperatureRural residential forests has obvious roles in regulating air temperature. Diurnal variation curve shows unimodal distribution, the value of temperature begins to rise from eight o'clock am, and reaches peak around 14:00, then begins to decline. The annual change is: winter is warm; spring, summer and autumn is cool, and summer cooling effect was the most obvious .The detemperaturre rate in a day is between 2.04 percent and 11.96 percent.(3) Effect of regulating air relative humidityRural residential forests can obviously increase air humidity. Diurnal variation curve of air relative humidity shows'V'type which is negative correlation to air temperature, air humidity gradually declined from 8:00, reached the lowest around 14:00,then began to rise. The effect of increase humidity in different modes is different, the rate of increase air humidity is between 1.79 percent and 17.38. The effect among seasons is also different, the most obvious is summer, and the worst one is winter, spring and autumn are equal.(4) Evaluation on comfort degree in rural residential forestsThe index of comfort degree is markedly different in different rural residential forests modes in a year. Judging from all the year round, autumn has most comfortable environment which can reaches comfortable levels and the value of human comfort index in autumn are the lowest. The highest of human comfort index presents in winter, its environment can reach uncomfortable level.Judging from different types, in courtyard forests, garden sketch type had lowest annual average human comfort degree but comfort level was the highest.Comfort level of other modes were as follows:farm tourist mode>natural afforestation mode>economic fruit mode>flowers PenJing mode. In road forests, beautify mode had the comfortable environment, followed by ecology protection mode, ecological economy was the lowest. In garden, the most comfortable environment existed in beautify + public recreational type, beautify + fitness activities mode was the worst. Among mountain shelter forests, comfortable level were as follows: landscaping mode>ecological protection mode>ecology economical mode. In recreational forests, the most comfortable mode was leisure health mode, followed by ecological protection mode and the worst was nature ornamental mode.2. Effect of enhancing air anion concentration and CIComprehensive analysis shows that rural residential forests has obvious effect on enhancing air quality which can improve air anion concentration and the CI value. Characteristics of air anion and CI in a day is similar, it presents double peaks which are from 10 o'clock to 12 o'clock and from 16 o'clock to 17 o'clock.The annual changes of air anion concentration and CI shows that summer> autumn >spring > winter.3. Comprehensive evaluation of microclimate and air anion concentrations(1) In courtyard forests, natural afforestation mode showed the best effect which was the most worth promoting mode.The evaluation result was: economic fruit mode (0.68)>farm tourist mode (0.33)> natural afforestation mode(0.15)>flowers PenJing mode (0.04).(2) The beautify mode was the most worth extending one that showed the best comprehensive effects in road forests which had the highest score 0.87, followed by ecology protection mode (0.52), ecological economy had the lowest score.(3)In garden type, Beautify + public recreational mode showed the best effects on microclimate and air anion effects which was the most worth popularization supreme mode; The result of comprehensive evaluation was beautify + public recreational mode> beautify + entertainment mode > beautify + fitness activity mode.(4)Among the three shelter forestsmodes, landscaping mode and ecological protection mode had higher effects which were more suitable for the construction of shelter forests. In poor economic rurals, the economic fruit forests was a good mode because it is not only could improve ecological conditions but also improve economic income.(5)Among modes of recreational forests, leisure health mode had highest effects, other mode effects were as follows: ecological protection mode > nature ornamental mode > economic fruit mode.Above all, it is significantly different among rural residential forests modes in adjusting microclimate and improving air anion.The effect of every mode of rural residential forests are higher than the contrast, especially complex layer have the highest comprehensive effect. In order to creat a harmonious and comfortable living environment, reasonal rural residential modes should be selected on the basis of actual condition, respect the villagers will and obey a series of rules in the process of constructing rural residential forests .