Study On The Distribution Of Collective Land Incremental Value In China

For a long time,the distribution of the value-added income of collective land has been a major and realistic issue in China.Since the reform and opening-up,it also has become the focus of social livelihood and governmental governance,due to the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization.With the reform and practice of the system of paid land use and the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economic system,especially with the advancement of the reform of the rural property rights system,the vitality of collective land,as a factor of production,has been stimulated.Also,as the main carrier of rural and peasant property income growth,its economic attributes have been released unprecedentedly.The establishment of systems,such as the entry of collectively-owned commercial construction land into the market,has provided diversified options for realizing the value-added benefits of collectively-owned land.Presently,new characteristics of the distribution of the value-added income of collective land are presented,while new problems have also arisen.It is an inevitable requirement for advancing the reform of the income distribution system in the new developing stage and allowing people to share the achievements of development that we theoretically analyze and tackle these issues.Considering that we are still in the process of establishing a fair and reasonable land value-added income distribution mechanism,the collective land value-added income distribution,which is characterized by many subjects involved,complex problems and extensive involvement,has become a difficult and hot issue.Consequently,it is important to explore the hidden essence and the root of the issue from the whole process of collective land appreciation,and it is of profound significance to provide corresponding ideas and countermeasures for promoting the reform of collective land value-added income distribution,and to form a collective land value-added income distribution mechanism that takes into account the state,collectives,and individuals both theoretically and practically.The main content of this paper includes the following parts.First,we analyze the background of collective land appreciation income distribution,and clarify that it is a long-term issue that is constantly changing,which new challenges are always brought up.Particularly,the breakthrough of this research is produced after sorting out the domestic and foreign studies on the distribution of land value-added income,that is,to analyze the complete appearance of collective land value-added from the dynamic process of collective land value-added point of view.Second,the theoretical framework of collective land value-added income distribution is constructed.In this part,based on the Marxist land rent theory,the mechanism and the session of land appreciation have been discussed,and a theoretical model has been put forward correspondingly to measure the distribution of collective land appreciation income.On the basis of previous research,the method of calculating the added land value after the land is completely developed is proposed,which is also seen as a theoretical breakthrough of this paper.Besides,the game theory is used to analyze the behavioral choices of each subject that involved in the process of land appreciation income distribution,and the relationship between land developing rights and land appreciation is thoroughly analyzed,which establishes an analytical framework for the following research theoretically.Third,within the framework of theoretical analysis,the temporal and spatial pattern of the value-added income distribution of collective land acquisition in 31 provinces and35 large and medium-sized cities in China is calculated and analyzed,concluding that the value-added distribution of collective land acquisition is spatially unbalanced,and the gap between time and subjects is widening,resulting in a serious distribution gap.After that,a sample of county-level regions in several different regions in China is selected for calculation and analysis of the value-added income distribution of collective land commercial construction land transferred into the market.By comparison,we found that farmers and collectives have obtained higher value-added income than land acquisition in the distribution of value-added income from the transform of collectively-owned construction land into the market,which greatly stimulates the enthusiasm of farmers and collectives,and further revitalizes collective land resources.Therefore,the process of this distribution is conducive to the development and expansion of the collective economy and the improvement of farmers’ income.Next,based on the results of theoretical and empirical research,the issues and causes of the distribution of value-added income from collective land in China are analyzed and discussed.At last,we utilize the results of this research to evaluate and analyze the fairness of the value-added income distribution of collective land in 35 large and medium-sized cities in China,concluding that,on one hand,the fairness of distribution is characterized by spatial variation with the gradual expansion of the eastern,central and western regions.On the other hand,from the perspective of time dimension,there is a trend that the gap is slowly narrowing in the distribution,indicating a progressively improving overall fairness.Aiming at the issues existing in the distribution of the value-added income of collective land,the reform goal of establishing a reasonable distribution mechanism of collective land value-added income that takes into account both the collective,the state and the individual is put forward,as well as the prudent and orderly reform principles of adhering to the protection of property rights,the union of distribution according to work and the contribution of factors,the unity of fairness and efficiency,the strict protection of cultivated land and the economical and intensive use of land,and the reform principles.In addition,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,including building a unified urban and rural land market system to ensure the efficiency and fairness of collective land value-added income distribution,exploring a reasonable proportion and standard for farmers to share collective land value-added income,strictly regulating land acquisition boundaries,innovating land acquisition compensation methods,reasonably coordinating the distribution relationship of collective land value-added income in different models,establishing a complete tax system for land value-added income distribution,and improving the implementation and supervision system of collective land value-added income distribution.