Research On The Influence Of Rural Public Infrastructure On Farmers’ Income

Developing rural public infrastructure construction is an important part of rural construction action and an important part of rural revitalization strategy,which bears multiple tasks such as promoting the development of agricultural production,the prosperity of rural industries and increasing farmers’ income.With the continuous advancement of rural revitalization strategy,our government has put forward new requirements for rural public infrastructure construction.In 2020,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and other seven departments jointly issued the Opinions on Expanding Effective Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas and Accelerating the Filling of Outstanding Shortcomings in the Areas of Agriculture,Rural Areas and Farmers,which proposed to improve the effectiveness of rural public infrastructure construction.In 2021,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposed to expand the availability and functionality of rural public infrastructure in the "Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization and Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization";It is necessary to protect farmers’ participation and supervision in rural public infrastructure construction and protect farmers’ rights and interests.Under the goal of common prosperity,increasing farmers’ income is an important goal of rural public infrastructure construction,and it is also an important standard to measure the effectiveness of rural public infrastructure construction.Therefore,under the background of carrying out rural construction actions and implementing the work-for-relief policy,how to improve the effectiveness of rural public infrastructure construction,and then improve the effect of rural public infrastructure to increase farmers’ income has become an important issue that needs to be solved urgently.On the basis of previous studies,this paper constructs a theoretical model based on multiplier effect theory,public goods expenditure theory,new economic geography theory,induced decision maximization theory,new public service theory and human capital theory,and analyzes the theoretical mechanism of the influence of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income.Using macro panel data and micro survey data,this paper introduces the factors of rural industry development level,farmers’ participation and farmers’ allocation ability from macro and micro perspectives,and empirically tests the time-space effect,heterogeneity,intermediary effect,threshold effect and adjustment effect of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income,which provides some reference for improving the effectiveness of rural public infrastructure construction and utilization and the effect of rural public infrastructure on increasing farmers’ income.The main research contents and findings of this paper are as follows:(1)The temporal and spatial effects of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income.Based on inter-provincial panel data,baseline model,autoregressive distributed lag model and spatial effect model are constructed to analyze the overall effect,long-term effect,short-term effect and spatial effect of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income.The results show that rural public infrastructure has a positive role in promoting farmers’ income;Rural public infrastructure has a significant long-term effect on farmers’ income,and the long-term parameter of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income is 2.549,which is significant at 1% level;Rural public infrastructure has a significant short-term effect on farmers’ income,but the short-term effect is small,which shows that the short-term fluctuation relationship between rural public infrastructure and farmers’ income deviates from the long-term equilibrium relationship to a small extent;The influence of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income has spatial effect.Specifically,rural public infrastructure can directly promote farmers’ income increase in this area,and rural public infrastructure in economically and geographically adjacent areas can also positively promote farmers’ income increase in this area.At the same time,the indirect effect coefficient of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income is far greater than the direct effect coefficient,that is,the spatial effect is greater than the direct effect,which shows that rural public infrastructure plays a major role in promoting farmers’ income in promoting the flow of commodities and factors between regions.(2)The heterogeneity of the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income.Based on the micro-survey data,firstly,starting with rural network infrastructure,rural transportation infrastructure and farmland water conservancy infrastructure,a multiple linear regression model is constructed to analyze the heterogeneity of the impact of different types of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income;Secondly,the quantile regression model is constructed to analyze the heterogeneity of the impact of rural public infrastructure on the income of different farmers.The results show that different types of rural public infrastructure have different impacts on farmers’ income.Rural network infrastructure has the greatest impact on farmers’ income,followed by farmland water conservancy infrastructure,and rural transportation infrastructure has the smallest impact on farmers’ income;At the same time,improving the availability of rural public infrastructure,moderately advancing the construction of rural public infrastructure,improving the quality of rural public infrastructure and improving the matching degree between rural public infrastructure and farmers’ needs are all conducive to increasing farmers’ income;The impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income is different in different income levels.At the middle income level,the effect of rural public infrastructure on increasing farmers’ income is the highest;At the higher income level,the effect of rural public infrastructure on increasing farmers’ income is second;At the lower income level,the effect of rural public infrastructure on increasing farmers’ income is the least.(3)The intermediary and threshold effect of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income.Based on the inter-provincial panel data,this paper first constructs an intermediary effect model with the rural industrial development level as the intermediary variable,and analyzes the intermediary role of rural industrial development level in the process of the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income;Secondly,this paper constructs a threshold effect model with the level of rural industrial development as the threshold variable,and analyzes the nonlinear characteristics of the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income under different levels of rural industrial development.The results show that the influence of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income has intermediary and threshold effect of rural industrial development level.From the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income,there is an intermediary effect of rural industrial development level.Rural public infrastructure significantly promotes rural industrial development level,while rural industrial development significantly promotes farmers’ income increase,thus realizing the chain of rural public infrastructure to increase farmers’ income by promoting rural industrial development;From the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income,there is a threshold effect of rural industrial development level.When the rural industrial development level is lower than 0.093,the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income is small.When the development level of rural industry is higher than 0.093,the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income increases significantly.(4)The adjustment effect of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income.Based on the micro-survey data,this paper firstly constructs a moderating effect model with farmers’ participation as the moderating variable,and analyzes the role of farmers’ participation in the process of the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income;Secondly,the paper constructs the adjustment effect model with farmers’ allocation capacity as the adjustment variable,and analyzes the role of farmers’ allocation capacity in the process of the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income.The results show that the influence of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income has the moderating effect of farmers’ participation level and farmers’ allocation ability.From the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income,there is a moderating effect of farmers’ participation level.With the improvement of farmers’ participation level in the process of rural public infrastructure construction,the role of rural public infrastructure in promoting farmers’ income has gradually increased.Because both rural public infrastructure and farmers’ participation level can positively promote the growth of farmers’ income,the adjustment effect is reflected in the synergy between farmers’ participation level and rural public infrastructure,which strengthens the effect of rural public infrastructure on promoting farmers’ income growth.From the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income,there is a regulatory effect of farmers’ allocation ability.With the improvement of farmers’ allocation ability in the process of rural public infrastructure construction,the role of rural public infrastructure in promoting farmers’ income is gradually enhanced.Because both rural public infrastructure and farmers’ allocation capacity can positively promote the growth of farmers’ income,the adjustment effect is reflected in the synergy between farmers’ allocation capacity and rural public infrastructure,which strengthens the effect of rural public infrastructure on promoting farmers’ income growth.According to the research conclusions,the following policy recommendations are put forward:(1)Optimize the planning of rural public infrastructure construction,and improve the adaptability of rural public infrastructure construction and rural industrial development.(2)Actively guide farmers to participate in the construction of rural public infrastructure,and fully protect farmers’ rights and interests in the process of rural public infrastructure construction.(3)Improve farmers’ allocation ability through multiple channels,and improve farmers’ utilization efficiency of rural public infrastructure.Compared with the existing research,the possible innovations of this paper are mainly reflected in the following three aspects:(1)In the research framework.Combining the theory of inductive decision maximization,new public service theory and human capital theory,this paper introduces the level of rural industrial development,farmers’ participation and farmers’ allocation ability into the analysis framework of the impact of existing rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income,and further expands the research framework of the impact of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income.(2)In terms of research perspective.Based on the perspective of human capital allocation effect,this paper analyzes the adjustment effect of rural public infrastructure on farmers’ income from the perspective of improving rural public infrastructure conditions and improving the allocation efficiency of their own and family factors,and further reveals the reasons for the differences in farmers’ access to rural public infrastructure dividends,which is helpful to improve farmers’ utilization efficiency of rural public infrastructure.(3)In the aspect of research viewpoint.Based on the conclusion of empirical research,this paper puts forward the view that rural public infrastructure construction should further expand the industrial development function of rural public infrastructure at macro level,adapt to the level of rural industrial development,and actively guide farmers to participate in the whole process of rural public infrastructure construction at micro level,which provides reference and basis for enhancing the effectiveness of the new round of rural public infrastructure construction and improving the income-increasing effect of rural public infrastructure.