Panorama,Mechanism And Related Path Evaluation Of Urban Spatial Expansion In China

In recent years,China has experienced a large-scale and rapid urbanization process and has made remarkable achievements.In the process of large population concentration to the city,urban space inevitably needs to be expanded to better carry the increasingly intensive social and economic activities.At present,China’s urbanization is at the end of the rapid development stage and is turning to a new stage of comprehensive quality improvement.It is necessary to systematically present the facts of China’s urban spatial expansion,scientifically demonstrate the relevant mechanisms of China’s urban spatial expansion,and objectively evaluate the relevant paths of China’s urban spatial expansion,to comprehensively and effectively promote the high-quality development of China’s urbanization.Firstly,this paper systematically displays the spatio-temporal variations,pattern evolution and expansion characteristics of China’s urban spatial expansion from 2006 to2020 at different levels of the country,region,urban agglomeration and city by comprehensively using the relevant index of urban expansion,Gini coefficient of urban space,position order scale law,center of gravity migration model,spatial exploratory analysis and decoupling theory;secondly,taking the realistic pursuit and competitive situation between local governments as the starting point,this paper creatively uses the spatial econometric model to study the impact of local government’s economic performance and financial pressure on the process of urban expansion,which is the deepening of the research on the role of government thrust in the mechanism of urban spatial expansion;then,focus on two typical expansion paths: the reform of "county-to-distric" and the implementation of "land ticket transaction" system,and make new and targeted evaluation by using the Difference-in-Differences Method(DID)and the Synthetic Control Method(SCM)respectively.The former aims to break through the boundaries of the city’s administrative divisions and realize the extensional expansion of the city under the impetus of the administrative force,while the latter attempts to realize the win-win replacement of urban and rural construction land through the market mechanism.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:At the national level,China’s urban space shows a continuous expansion trend,but the range continues to narrow,the speed is gradually slowing down,and the intensity is gradually decreasing.There are obvious differences in the expansion trend among different regions,urban agglomerations and cities.The overall balance of urban space is still in the rank of disparity,but it shows a trend of continuous improvement;the overall structure of urban space shows a centralized distribution and is relatively stable,and the urban space concentration index slightly decreased during the inspection period;the speed and intensity of urban spatial expansion show agglomeration characteristics at the global level,which implies that China’s urban expansion strategy is restricted by land factor endowment and the idea of synchronization;there is a weak decoupling relationship between urban spatial expansion and economic change,but the decoupling degree between urban spatial expansion and population change is poor.The overall process of urban expansion in China presents imitative competition in the form of "you chase me catch",while cities in Northeast China present a differentiated interaction in the form of "you advance and me retreat";both economic performance competition and financial balance pressure have strongly promoted the expansion of urban space in China;economic performance has shown a strong spillover effect,while financial pressure has shown a strong crowding effect;economic performance not only promotes the expansion of urban industrial space,but also promotes the expansion of urban residential space,and leads to the expansion trend of "industrial and residential dual preference";financial pressure has promoted the expansion of urban residential space,but has inhibited the expansion of urban industrial space,and caused the city to show "industrial aversionresidential preference" expansion trend.The reform of " county-to-district " can effectively promote urban construction,realize the real expansion of urban space,and has a short-term promotion effect of about 5 years;after the reform,the urban construction behavior is mainly reflected in the real estate construction and industrial construction with enterprises as the main driving force,while the municipal facilities construction with the government as the main driving force began to show a significant improvement only after the implementation of the reform 3 years ago.The implementation of the "land ticket transaction" system provides a lot of land for urban space expansion.Urban residents benefit from the urban construction dividend caused by the implementation of the policy,and the income level has been significantly improved,but the income level of rural residents has not been significantly improved.The reason is that the market transaction under the restriction of supply and demand potentially fixes the land ticket price,and rural areas cannot obtain additional land appreciation income.In conclusion,China’s urban space expansion has a strong administrative color,which is reflected not only in the significant role of local government competition in promoting urban space expansion,but also in the significant effect of the "county to district" reform promoted by administrative forces,while the "land ticket transaction" under the exploration of market mechanism has not fully achieved the policy purpose.It is necessary to optimize the competition pattern between local governments,promote the integration of basic public services,and improve the market-oriented allocation mechanism of rural land,to promote the rational expansion of urban space and realize regional coordination and integrated development of urban and rural areas.