Research On The Pattern And Synergistic Competition Effect Of Tourism Service Trade Between China And Asean

At present,the scale of global tourism service trade is rapidly expanding.As one of the important types of world service trade,tourism service trade has become an important "engine" to promote the growth of global trade.The pattern of service trade and the effect of competition and cooperation have become one of the important criteria to judge the merits of a country’s trade development.Under the background of economic globalization,since the establishment of China-Asean Free Trade Area,China-Asean tourism service trade has developed rapidly.At present,China’s economy has entered a stage of high-quality development,and the status of tourism service trade in the national economy is further improving.What is the pattern of China-Asean tourism service trade under the new situation? What is the synergistic competition effect between China and major ASEAN countries? On the basis of studying and answering the above questions,this paper further puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the coordinated development of tourism service trade between China and ASEAN.This paper applies core-edge theory,service trade theory,synergy theory and other relevant theories,and social network analysis method to analyze the network pattern and influencing factors of China-Asean tourism service trade,compare and evaluate the competitiveness level of tourism service trade between China and ASEAN countries,and find out the important factors affecting the competitiveness of tourism service trade.By analyzing the synergistic competition effect of China-Asean tourism service trade,the following main conclusions can be drawn:(1)China and ASEAN are each other’s main source of tourists.The tourism service trade between China and ASEAN countries contributes significantly to their GDP,and the tourism service trade between China and ASEAN countries is an important part of the bilateral economy.(2)Based on the data of tourism service trade between China and ASEAN countries in 2015 and 2018,this paper uses social network analysis method to discuss the structural changes of China-Asean tourism service trade network and its influencing factors.The results show that:(1)In 2018,the network density of China-Asean tourism service trade network increased by 30% compared with2015,and the trade network degree of China-Asean Free Trade Area has been improved on the whole,indicating that the tourism exchanges between China and ASEAN countries are strengthening and forming a good situation of mutual benefit and win-win.(2)China,Thailand,Singapore and Malaysia rank very high in point centrality,intermediary centrality and proximity centrality,indicating that these countries are in the absolute central position in the network,with stronger tourist attraction and more active entry-exit tourism market compared with other countries.(3)The distance between countries and GDP per capita have a significant impact on China-Asean tourism service trade network.The closer countries are geographically,the more likely the countries with higher GDP per capita are to have tourism service trade.(3)Five indexes including MS index,TC index,RCA index,RSCA index and MI index were used to evaluate the competitiveness of tourism service trade between China and ASEAN countries.The results showed that Thailand ranked top in terms of market share and RCA index in recent years,showing strong competitiveness of tourism service trade.The competitiveness of China’s tourism service trade is gradually weakening,and its overall competitiveness in the world is at a medium low position.Malaysia is showing strong competitiveness,while Indonesia and Vietnam are gradually improving their competitiveness in tourism service trade.By comparing China and ASEAN countries’ tourism in five factors of production factors,domestic demand,related and supporting industries,enterprise organization,strategic structure and industry competition,opportunities and government,it can be seen that China and Singapore have strong comprehensive competitiveness,while tourism enterprises in other ASEAN countries generally have small scale and need to improve their economic benefits.Tourism is the main pillar industry of most ASEAN countries,which attaches great importance to regional tourism development.The Diamond Model is used to empirically analyze the main influencing factors of China’s tourism service trade competitiveness,and it can be known that the number of employees and the number of flight routes in the tourism industry play an important role in the development of China’s tourism service trade.(4)Based on the data of tourism service trade of China,Thailand,Malaysia and Vietnam from 2005 to 2019,the comparative advantage index of tourism service trade between China and these four major countries was analyzed by cointegration test,generalized impulse response and predictive variance decomposition based on VAR model,and the dynamic change relationship between tourism service trade of various countries was studied.The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the competitiveness of tourism service trade between China and ASEAN,and there is a long-term cooperative relationship between the countries in the competition of tourism service trade.In the short term,there is a significant competitive relationship between China and Malaysia in tourism trade,which has a synergistic promotion effect with Vietnam.Compared with Thailand,China’s competitive advantage is not obvious.Based on the above research conclusions,this study puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the level of China-Asean Free Trade area,the government level of China and ASEAN countries,the tourism industry enterprises level of China and ASEAN countries,and the improvement of China’s own competitiveness.To sum up,this paper has achieved some innovations in research methods and content: First,innovation in research perspective.Based on the perspective of the network pattern of trade in services,this paper discusses the China-Asean tourism service trade,so as to grasp the changing characteristics of the pattern of China-Asean tourism service trade in a more comprehensive way,which is a helpful expansion and supplement to the current research on trade in services.Based on the basic principle of synergetic theory,this paper studies the synergetic competition effect of tourism service trade between China and ASEAN countries.Based on the relevant data of competitiveness index,this paper empirically studies the long-term and short-term competition and cooperation relations between China and major ASEAN countries in the tourism service trade,and makes a comprehensive,all-round and multi-level analysis of the competition and cooperative relations between countries,so as to enrich the research results of the tourism service trade relations between China and ASEAN countries.Second,innovation in the application of research methods.In this paper,a more advanced social network analysis method is introduced into the study on the network of tourism service trade,which measures the overall pattern of the network and network characteristics of China and ASEAN countries and visualizes it.Then,QAP(Quadratic Assignment Procedure)method is further used.Explore the influencing factors of the structure of the tourism service trade network,and explore the evolution rules and influencing factors of the regional China-Asean tourism service trade network.Third,data collection is unique.Data collection in this study is based on the consumption expenditure of inbound tourism and the number of inbound tourists.Through the combined data of capital flow and tourism flow,the structure characteristics and influencing factors of China’s tourism service trade network are studied.Since there is no official statistical data on exchanges between China and ASEAN countries,this paper tries to construct bilateral tourism service trade data between China and ASEAN countries with a new calculation method according to the world tourism statistical data published by UNWTO,so as to provide data sources for relevant analysis,and then for empirical research.This is the focus and difficulty of this study.It is also the innovation point of this study.