| The purpose of the research in this paper is to scientifically grasp the system of income gap between urban and rural areas effected by basic pension insurance level,led-by research thoughts of "heoretical basis → mechanism analysis → real investigation → empirical test → policy recommendations".Based on income distribution theory,social equity theory and social security theory,this paper investigates the current situation of China’s basic endowment insurance system and the trend of the urban-rural income gap,and analyzes the influence mechanism of the level of basic endowment insurance on the urbanrural income gap,and puts forward the theoretical hypothesis.The scientific nature of the basic pension insurance level affecting the income gap mechanism between urban and rural areas is verified by using statistical analysis,panel data analysis,intermediary effect model,nonlinear model,system coordination model and other methods,combined with theoretical analysis and empirical results,the paper puts forward some policy proposals of improving the level of basic old-age insurance.A framework of logical analysis of the impact of the level of basic old-age insurance on the income gap between urban and rural areas is constructed in the paper.By analyzing the path of the impact of the level of financing,expenditure and coordination of basic oldage insurance on the income gap between urban and rural areas,three mechanisms of the basic old-age insurance affecting the income gap between urban and rural areas,namely,the financing adjustment mechanism,the expenditure adjustment mechanism and the coordination mechanism,are refined in the paper.Among them,the financing adjustment mechanism refers to the basic old-age insurance financing level has a direct impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas,and indirectly affects the income gap between urban and rural areas by promoting the growth of normal employment.The expenditure adjustment mechanism refers to the level of basic old-age insurance expenditure has a linear effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas,also a nonlinear effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas.The coordination mechanism refers to the coordinated development level of urban and rural workers’ old-age insurance(hereinafter referred to as "job insurance")and urban and rural residents’ old-age insurance(hereinafter referred to as "residential insurance"),which can promote the narrow of the income gap between urban and rural areas,as reflected in three aspects of financing coordination,expenditure coordination and systematic coordination between "job insurance" and "residence insurance".Through the analysis of the mechanism of income gap between urban and rural areas affected by old-age insurance,it is also revealed that the level of basic pension insurance is from the link of adjusting income distribution of old-age insurance,the financing link mainly adjusts the initial distribution income,that is,wage income,the expenditure link mainly adjusts the redistribution income,namely: the transfer income.At the same time,the development level of basic old-age insurance in urban and rural areas under the "two-track" system in China is more comprehensively and systematically deconstructed and compared by integrating "job insurance" and "residence insurance" into an analytical framework.Through analysis of panel data model and intermediary effect,this paper verifies the existence of mechanism that fund-raising level of basic old-age insurance has direct and indirect influence on the income gap between urban and rural areas.The empirical results show that the improvement of the financing level of "job insurance" directly promotes the narrowing of overall income gap between urban and rural areas and the wage income gap.At the same time,it promotes the growth of urban informal employment,which indirectly promotes the narrowing of the overall income gap and the wage income gap between urban and rural areas.The improvement of the financing level of "housing insurance" has directly promoted the narrowing of the wage income gap between urban and rural areas,it also promotes the increase of normal employment and indirectly promotes the narrowing of the overall and wage income gap between urban and rural areas.Through the panel data model and nonlinear test analysis,this paper verifies the mechanism existence of the basic pension insurance expenditure level has influence on the income gap between urban and rural areas by linear and nonlinear.The income gap between urban and rural areas mainly verifies the overall income gap between urban and rural areas and transfers income gap between urban and rural areas.The empirical results show that the improvement of the expenditure level of "job insurance" and "living insurance" in China is beneficial to the narrowing of the overall income gap between urban and rural areas and transfers income gap,while it has a nonlinear U-shaped relationship on the transfer income gap between urban and rural areas,and the level of basic old-age insurance expenditure has a moderate interval,which can not be improved partly.Through the panel data model and system coordination analysis,this paper verifies the mechanism existence that the fund-raising coordination,expenditure coordination and systematic coordination of basic old-age insurance has influence on the income gap between urban and rural areas.The income gap between urban and rural areas mainly validates the overall income gap between urban and rural areas,the wage income gap between urban and rural areas and the transfer income gap between urban and rural areas.The empirical results show that the improvement of the coordination between "job insurance" and "residence insurance" financing has played a certain role in reversing the wage income gap between urban and rural areas.The improvement of the coordination between "job insurance" and "housing insurance" expenditure has significantly promoted the reduction of the overall income gap between urban and rural areas and the transfer income gap between urban and rural areas.The "job insurance" and "residence insurance" in general is in a moderate coordinated development state and in a certain trend of fluctuations.With the improvement of the coordination between the "job insurance" and "housing insurance" system,the overall income gap between urban and rural areas and the transfer income gap will be significantly reduced.Through the optimizing the level of financing,expenditure and their coordinated development,we have constructed a system of policy recommendations to improve the level of basic old-age insurance in urban and rural areas,and put forward relevant suggestions from their respective perspectives.First,we should optimize the financing level of basic endowment insurance to adapt it to the job market.Second,we must ensure that the expenditure level of basic endowment insurance is reasonable and appropriate.Third,we will promote the coordinated and sustainable development of basic old-age insurance in urban and rural areas. |
