Research On The Status And Factors Affecting The Participation Of Basic Endowment Insurance Of Rural-Urban Migrants In China

With the acceleration of urbanization process in China,,promoting the urban residency of rural people who have moved to cities and urban basic public services covering all the resident population has become an important task in the process of urbanization. By the end of 2014, the floating population in China reached 253 million, accounted for 18.5% of the total population. The rural-urban migrants accounted for more than 80% of the floating population, and the situation will not change in a short time. The migration of rural population has made tremendous contributions to the city’s economic and social development. Due to the presence of the urban and rural system, the participation of social endowment insurance is difficult. With the accelerated development of China’s population aging, ensuring the old age of the rural-urban migrants will be an urgent problem that the governments at all levels have to face, whether they return or settlement, In 2011, China issued the "Social Insurance Law" and" 12th Five-Year Plan of National Basic Public Service System". In the legal aspects, the right of floating population to participate in the basic old-age insurance for urban workers are recognized. In 2014, "National Plan on New Urbanization (2014-2020)","Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform of Household Registration System", and "Opinions on Further Enhancing Services for Migrant Workers in 2014" are issued. The floating population has a policy basis for participating in the basic endowment insurance for urban workers.In this situation, it is important to recognize the current situation that rural-urban migrants participate in the basic endowment insurance. Based on the current conditions, the dynamic monitoring data of migrants population in 2010 and 2014, the 6th National Population Census and report on China’s migrant population development are used to analyze the situation that rural-urban migrants participate in the basic endowment insurance for urban workers. First of all, this paper analyzes the scale of the rural-urban migrants and describe its demographic characteristics. Secondly, the data shows that only 13.31% of the rural-urban migrants participated in the basic endowment insurance for urban workers, with reference to population, family characteristics, flow experience and work status. Thirdly, the factors that affect the participation of the basic endowment insurance are divided into four categories:first class is individual factors, including gender, age and education degree; the second is family factors, including marriage, migrant status and housing attributes; the third is flow experiences, including types of flow, long-term residence willingness, inflows of time and inflow region etc.; the fourth category is the employment situation, including monthly income, the nature of the unit and in other social endowment insurance status etc. Then the author puts the four categories in a binary logistic regression analysis. The results show that not only the population and family factors have a significant impact on the participation, but also the influence of the flow experience and working status. The groups who are inter provincial flow, have long-term residence willingness, inflow time in more than six years and inflow for the eastern region have a higher probability. The population whose monthly income level is higher, the work unit for the state-owned nature also has a higher proportion of insured. Overall, the participation ratio of rural-urban migrants in China is low. There are obvious differences between different regions and work units,In view of the existing problems, the study puts forward the following suggestions: the first is to promote the urbanization process of rural-urban migrants, and implement the reform of household registration system. Secondly, we need to improve the awareness of migrants population of participation through publicity and education. For the damages of their interests, a feedback mechanism should be established. Thirdly, the government must establish archives of population management, in order to realize the information sharing, and break the geographical barriers that hinder the endowment insurance interchange connection. Finally, we need to pay attention to the internal differences between rural-urban migrants, focusing on the migrant population of the elderly, and provide accurate public services.