| Tech-oriented Sports(TOS)have the triple characteristics of sports,science and education.TOS participation is of great significance for the healthy growth of teenagers and the overall development of people.Therefore,how to guide the deep participation of the public and expand the reserve talents in TOS has become an important issue nowadays.Through the group of TOS amateurs,we found that they are generally exposed to TOS in their youth,and now gradually become the backbone of the development of TOS,and some of the amateurs present a higher level of competition than even professional athletes.As a classical theory to explain the behavior or state of individuals serious and sustained participation,the serious leisure theory had some adaptability with the behavioral characteristics exhibited by TOS amateurs.From the behavioral perspective,the individuals sustained participation must be driven by some kind of force,which contains the influence of external enviorment or internal factors of individuals.To this end,this paper take TOS amateurs as the target,explores the serious leisure characteristics of TOS amateurs,their perceived social support,as well as the constraint they face and negotiation,and explores the paths of social support and constraint negotiation to influence TOS amateurs’ willingness to serious leisure.This study has some theoretical reference and practical significance for promoting the sustainable development of other non-Olympic sports from the bottom up.This paper takes the serious leisure characteristics of TOS amateurs as the research theme,and the path and relationship of social support and constraint negotiation by TOS amateurs on serious leisure Willingness were discussed in this paper.Based on social support theory,leisure constraint theory and serious leisure theory,this study explored the serious leisure characteristics and leisure constraint factors of TOS amateurs,explored the social support of TOS amateurs’ subjective perception and the connotation and structure of the serious leisure willingness.The paperhave constructed a preliminary theoretical model of "social support-constraint negotiation-serious leisure willingness",and put forward the relevant hypothesis framework.583 TOS amateurs in Shanghai have been investigated by using questionnaires,and statistical analysis of the survey data has been conducted by using SPSS,AMOS and other software,and the following basic conclusions have been drawn:(1)The serious leisure characteristics of TOS amateurs include six dimensions and 18 specific indicators,namely,"persevere","career","significant personal effort","durable benefit","unique ethos" and " identify strongly".The factors influencing the serious leisure willingness of TOS amateurs mainly include environmental factors and personal factors.The former includes "leisure opportunities","policy public opinion","venues and facilities","management services" and "security factors",while the latter includes "knowledge and skills","time and energy","economic conditions","physical function",and "personal consciousness and psychology".(2)TOS Amateurs exhibit significant serious leisure characteristics,with their social support,constraint negotiation at a high level.Among them,the average score for deep leisure is 4.1997,the average score for restricted flexibility is 4.1534,and the average score for social support is 4.0873;In terms of specific dimensions,the highest average is "behavioral involvement"(4.2753),and the lowest is "information support"(3.9704).(3)Social support for TOS Amateurs is positively correlated with constraint negotiation and serious leisure,while constraint negotiation and serious leisurewillingnessare positively correlated.Among them,psychological support has a direct and significant positive impact on the serious leisure willingness of TOS amateurs,while material support has the weakest impact,and the impact of information support is between psychological support and material support.At the same time,social support also has a direct and significant positive effect on constraint negotiation for TOS amateurs.Among them,psychological support and information support have a direct and significant positive effect on constraint negotiation,while material support has no significant direct effect.self constraint negotiation has the greatest impact on the serious leisure willingness of TOS amateurs,and interpersonal constraint negotiation has the least direct impact,while the direct effect of structural constraint negotiation is between them.(4)TOS Amateurs’ constraint negotiation play a significant part of the mesomeric effect in the relationship between social support and serious leisurewillingness.Among them,structural constraint negotiation play the largest mesomeric effect,followed by personalconstraint negotiation,and the weakest is the mesomeric effect of interpersonal constraint negotiation.(5)The demographic characteristics are also a fundamental factor affecting TOS Amateurs’ ability to constraint negotiation and serious leisurewillingness.Such as persevere,career,significant personal effort,unique ethos and other dimensions,as well as the variable of serious leisure willingness,male scores are significantly higher than female scores,while durable benefit,personal constraint negotiation,structural constraint negotiation and material support and other dimensions and constraint variables have no significant differences in gender differences;In the aspects of persever,career,durable benefit,personal constraint negotiation,interpersonal constraint negotiation,structural constraint negotiation and other dimensions,as well as serious leisure willingness,constraint negotiation,the scores of junior high school and below are significantly higher than those of college,undergraduate,master’s and above degrees,while the other dimensions have no significant differences in education level;Persevere,significant personal effort behavior,career,unique ethos,identitify strongly,as well as serious leisure willingness and constraint negotiation,the score of TOS before junior high school is significantly higher than that after junior high school.Based on the "perception-competence-behavior" research paradigm,this paper constructs a theoretical model,proposes hypotheses,and further verifies the relationship between social support,constraint negotiation and serious leisure by exploring the serious leisure charactristics on TOS amateurs,environmental and personal factors affecting serious leisure.Furthermore,on the basis of the research conclusion,the management enlightenments are put forward:(1)We should attach great importance to the special group of TOS amateurs,pay attention to improving their serious leisure willingness,and cultivate their serious leisure characteristics;(2)The sustainable development of TOS can not be separated from the support of the government,market,society and individuals.We should adhere to the four-wheel drive mechanism to provide extensive support for the development of TOS;(3)Strengthen the communication and education among TOS amateurs,enhance their courage and confidence in facing constraints and difficulties,and enhance their ability and strategies to constraint negotiation;(4)We will continue to promote TOS on campus,especially in kindergartens,primary schools and junior high schools. |
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