Research On The Construction And Application Of Fundamental Movement Skills Evaluation System For Children Aged 6-10 Based On Physical Literacy Evaluation

Background: Physical Literacy(PL)can be understood as the synthesis of human sports elements for the survival and development in the process of life.Fundamental Movement skills(FMS)are one of the connotative indicators of PL.Together with health knowledge and special sports skills,they construct the teaching model of school physical education in China.The measurement of FMS in early childhood(6-10 years old)is an important part of PL evaluation and an important indicator for evaluating,diagnosing,and monitoring the development of individual human movements.At present,there are relatively mature FMS measurement tools in the world,but these tools have shortcomings such as incomplete evaluation dimensions,long process evaluation,subjective evaluation process,low cross-cultural application validity,and high equipment requirements.It is imperative to develop an objective,time-saving and simple FMS assessment tool based on the background of chinese children’s PL assessment.Objective: To develop an FMS test system for Chinese children based on PL evaluation.Under the guidance of classical measurement theory and motor development theory,combined with Chinese language and cultural background,a test system is developed to verify the feasibility,reliability,and validity of the system in the actual test of children.The system should be concise and efficient,strong operability and other characteristics,suitable for the group situation of children.Methods: This study comprehensively adopted literature method,Delphi method,test method and mathematical analysis method.The literature review is used to sort out the current progress of basic motor skills measurement in the world.The measurement tool was established using the Delphi method and named as "Children’s Fundamental Movement Skill Test"(CFMST).The "quartile method" was used to develop the evaluation system,namely the "Shanghai Children’s Basic Motor Skills Test Evaluation Norm".The statistical significance level for this study was set at P < 0.05.Results: CFMST includes 3 first-level indicators and 6 second-level indicators,namely,lateral sliding running and one-leg continuous jumping under the movement skill;kicking the ball over obstacles and changing hands in place under the object control skill;stability;Walk the balance beam under the skills,and walk backwards in a straight line.The CFMST feasibility test data showed that basic motor skills showed an upward trend with the increase of grade and age(P all less than 0.001),which was in line with the law of human movement development.In terms of content validity,the system based on Delphi method reached a consensus on the selection of children’s basic motor skills test items;in terms of structural validity,the results of structural equation model analysis were the same as the test dimensions constructed by Delphi method,and with the children’s age.The test data showed an upward trend(all P less than 0.001);in terms of concurrent validity,the total score of children’s basic motor skills test was generally correlated with gross motor development test(r =-0.544,P < 0.001),and children’s coordination ability The test showed moderate correlation(r =-0.692,P < 0.001).In terms of test-retest reliability,the intra-class correlation coefficient ICC=0.80,95% CI=0.76-0.83;in terms of internal consistency reliability,the Cronbach’s coefficient among the six sub-tests was 0.68.The data measured based on CFMST showed a weak correlation with physical health data(r=-0.289,P=0.04),and showed a weak correlation with BMI(r=0.117,P=0.008).Conclusion: The evaluation system for children’s basic motor skills constructed based on the physical literacy assessment includes: the measurement tool for children’s basic motor skills,namely "Children’s Basic Motor Skills Test" and the corresponding norm evaluation system,namely "Shanghai Children’s Basic Motor Skills Test Evaluation Norm".Among them,CFMST includes 6sub-tests,including side-sliding running,continuous jumping on one foot,kicking the ball over obstacles,changing hands,and hitting the ball in place,walking on the balance beam,and walking backwards in a straight line.CFMST has good feasibility,validity,and reliability,and can better reflect the development of basic motor skills of 6-10-year-old children(level 1 and 2 students)in China.The norm evaluation system "Shanghai Children’s Basic Motor Skills Test Evaluation Norm" includes two sets of norms that distinguish grades and ages.The development of children’s basic motor skills can be better differentiated.In the applied research,basic motor skills data based on CFMST measurement were positively correlated with children’s physical health,which verified the "conceptual model of children’s motor ability and health reciprocity".The evaluation system of children’s basic motor skills can be better applied to children aged 6-10 years,and can be used in the evaluation of children’s physical literacy.