Research On The Influence Of Family And School Sports Environment On The Development Of Children’s Fundamental Motor Skills In The Transitional Stage Of Early Childhood

As an important period for children from preschool education to compulsory education,the transition from kindergarten to primary school is not only a critical period for children ’s cognitive,learning and social development,but also a critical period for the development of physical fitness and basic motor skills.Due to the insufficient connection between the pre-school stage and the primary school stage of physical education,most children cannot quickly adapt to physical education learning after entering primary school from kindergarten,and it is easy to miss the opportunity to develop basic motor skills.Therefore,from the perspective of environmental impact on individual development,this paper combs the relevant theories of sports convergence between kindergarten and primary school,clarifies the internal relationship between children ’s basic motor skills development,family sports environment and school sports environment,and explores and discovers the basic motor skills development of children in the convergence stage of kindergarten and primary school through scientific and effective evaluation methods.The specific status quo and laws of the construction of family sports environment and school sports environment.Further combined with empirical analysis,this paper discusses the internal key factors of the influence of family and school sports environment on the development of basic movement skills.The research takes children in the stage of transition from kindergarten to primary school as the main research object,starting from the three aspects of children ’s family sports environment,school sports environment and basic motor skill development at this stage.Firstly,based on the literature data,this paper combs the relevant theories of sports transition from kindergarten to primary school,sports environment,motor skill learning and development,systematically analyzes the research status of sports transition from kindergarten to primary school,sports environment construction and basic motor skill development at home and abroad,summarizes experience and enlightenment,understands the relevant research frontier trends at home and abroad,and provides scientific arguments for the development of research tools and the analysis of influencing factors.Secondly,by developing the Chinese version of the Basic Motor Skills Assessment Tool(MAT-CH),2823 children(including 486 kindergarten children and 2337 primary school children)in 24 schools(including 14 kindergartens and 10 primary schools)in Nanjing,Suzhou and other cities in Jiangsu Province were tested for basic motor skills.Again through the preparation of the ’ transition stage children ’s family sports environment questionnaire ’ to accept the basic motor skills test children’s families of 3489 parents were investigated;then,through the ’ School Sports Environment Questionnaire for Children at the Transition Stage from Kindergarten to Primary School ’(kindergarten edition,primary school edition),971 teachers(including545 kindergarten teachers and managers,426 primary school teachers and managers)who received basic motor skills tests were investigated.Finally,based on the test and survey data,this paper compares and analyzes the current situation of children ’s basic motor skills,family sports environment and school sports environment in the transition stage from kindergarten to primary school,and deeply explores the relationship between the three and the influencing factors of sports environment on basic motor skills.Based on the above research contents,the following main conclusions are obtained :1.Sports environment affects the development of children ’s basic motor skills in the transition from kindergarten to primary school,which is of great significance to promote the transition.The essence of young sports cohesion is to deal with the continuity and stage of children ’s development.Children ’s ’ sustainable development ’is the common internal goal of the current domestic ’ integration ’ construction and young sports cohesion.Basic movement skill is the key carrier of young sports convergence,sports environment is an important factor affecting the development of children ’ s basic movement skills.2.The reliability and validity of the assessment and investigation tools for children ’s basic motor skills and sports environment are high.Based on this study,the ’ Chinese version of the basic motor skills assessment tool ’(MAT-CH),the ’ questionnaire on the family sports environment of children in the transition stage ’ and the ’ questionnaire on the school sports environment of children in the transition stage ’(kindergarten version,primary school version)have good reliability and validity,and have good operability and scientificity.3.The development level of children ’s basic movement skill is obviously different with the change of learning stage.Although the basic motor skills of children in the stage of transition from kindergarten to primary school generally show a positive development trend,there are great differences and imbalances in the development of basic motor skills of children of different genders in the specific dimensions of basic motor skills and corresponding project contents.At the same time,preschool children have more obvious gender differences in the development of balance skills and mobility skills than primary school children.The overall level of basic motor skills of boys is significantly higher than that of girls.4.School segment change is the key factor affecting the development of children ’s family sports environment in the transition period,and the overall level decreases with the increase of school segment.There is a significant difference in the family sports environment between preschool and primary school children.The preschool stage is generally better than the primary school stage,and there is no significant difference in the family sports environment of children of different genders at the same stage.There are differences in the types and combinations of parental factors that affect different dimensions in the stage of transition from kindergarten to primary school.Among them,parents ’ age,gender,culture,income and occupation are the prominent factors leading to the differences.The main factors of parents ’ influence on the whole family sports environment and different dimensions are synchronized.5.There are significant differences in the school sports environment among different grades of children,and the school sports environment will be affected by the main factors such as teachers,education equalization policy and so on.The level of each dimension of school sports environment in primary school is generally better than that in pre-school stage,and the reasons for the differences in school sports environment in different stages are complex,but not affected by administrative regions.Teachers ’factors have different effects on the overall and different dimensions of school sports environment.Teachers ’ sports value cognition and gender composition affect the development of school sports material,policy and social environment to a large extent.6.The family sports environment will have a real impact on children ’s basic motor skills and different dimensions of environmental factors play a different role.The use time of sports-related equipment,equipment and facilities,the accompanying behavior of parents and active support,self-evaluation,self-judgment and other factors in family sports environment will have different effects on children ’s basic motor skills.At the same time,by improving the family sports environment,especially the level of sports behavior environment,it can effectively promote the development of children ’s basic motor skills in the transition stage.7.Pre-school and primary school sports environment will have a real impact on children’s basic motor skills,and different dimensions of environmental factors are mainly positive impact form.Pre-school school sports environment and the overall basic motor skills were positively correlated;the school sports environment in primary school has a significant positive impact on children ’s basic motor skills.In the pre-school stage,we need to focus on the role of the social environment of school sports,pay attention to the construction of sports social culture and sports infrastructure;in the primary school stage,it is necessary to pay attention to the balanced development of different dimensions of the school sports environment and the construction of sports economy.