Research On Urban Community Governance Performance From The Perspective Of Public Value

As the basic unit of social governance,community is the basic part of social governance system.Community governance performance is a key index to measure and evaluate the level of social civilization.It can not only provide sufficient basis for urban modernization,improve the urban development environment,but also promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity.In recent years,in the face of the practical needs of urban and rural integrated development and new urbanization construction,the Central Committee of the CPC has launched a series of strategic deployments around urban and rural community governance.As emphasized in the report of the Party’s 20 National Congress,"Improve the urban and rural community governance system,and resolve conflicts and disputes at the grassroots level and in the bud in a timely manner." It is also under the support of the policy,our urban community governance has made a major breakthrough,whether it is the community environment,or the community public service level,has been improved,but with the transfer of rural labor to the city,a large number of commercial housing residential construction,"living bungalows" become "living buildings","unit people" become "social people",community governance is facing many new topics,For example,due to the independent management of supply subjects,resources can not be effectively integrated,resulting in low efficiency of community service supply;Due to the contradiction between the large demand gap of community services and the small resources that can be allocated by the community,it is difficult for residents to feel the service quality with high satisfaction from community services.Due to the dislocation of the value of community service,the matching benefit between the attribute and function of the object of community public service and the demand of the subject is not good,and so on.All these problems have led to the core question that this paper aims to study: why do the public goods and services provided by urban communities still have problems in the aspects of accuracy,effectiveness,quality and value matching when the country attaches so much importance to community governance? How to understand the tension between the supply and demand of urban community public services from the perspective of public value so as to promote the modern development of urban community governance?Based on this premise,this problem is further understood from the dimension of performance.In other words,the problem is divided into: What is the connotation of urban community governance performance from the perspective of public value? What are the constituent factors of urban community governance performance and the realistic difficulties it faces? How is it measured and what is the path to improvement?With the confusion of the above problems,this paper combines the theory of public value management to define the specific connotation of urban community governance performance.On the basis of integrating the existing research,this paper constructs the performance analysis framework of urban community governance based on public value.From the perspective of public value,the generating process of urban community governance performance is the realization process of public value.In the study of urban community governance performance,it is inevitable to answer such core questions as "who defines","what is involved","how to divide the labor","how to safeguard" and "how to resolve conflicts" of the public value of urban community.Accordingly,these core issues also constitute the key elements to achieve the performance of urban community governance.It includes five elements: multi-subject,consensus shaping,resource allocation,organization management and community collaboration.Among them,multiple subjects are the basis for the definition of public value,consensus shaping is the concrete way to present the content of public value,organization and management is the core basis for the division of public value,resource allocation is an important guarantee for the realization of public value,and community coordination is an effective way to resolve the conflict of public value.In view of the constant changes of community governance model along with the development of economy and society,and any kind of community governance model cannot be separated from a certain practical background such as political ecology and social ecology,it is necessary to sort out and summarize the development process of urban community governance and its characteristics of public value generation since the founding of New China.The urban community governance pattern in China has generally experienced the four development stages of community management,community service,community construction and community governance.Accordingly,the public goods and services provided in the various stages have also experienced the public value production guided by "political control and stability"--social welfare services--meeting residents’ needs--"institutionalization,standardization and procedure".The maturity of urban community governance theory is closely related to the breadth and depth of governance practice,and the integration of the two(theory guidance and experience promotion)is the basic logic to continue to promote the modernization of urban community governance.Tracing the origin of public value generation in urban community governance establishes a logical starting point for this paper to carry out research on urban community governance in China,which takes modernization of national governance as the macro background and maximization of community public value as the performance goal.The complexity of the implementation of urban community governance performance inevitably leads to the common result of multiple factors.This paper constructs the performance index system and evaluation model of urban community governance from five aspects: multiple subjects,resource allocation,consensus shaping,organization management and community coordination.On this basis,Through questionnaire survey and other research methods,this paper conducts an empirical analysis on the constructed urban community governance performance indicator system and evaluation model.Based on the research and evaluation results,it identifies the existing problems in the current urban community governance to be improved,and strives to provide theoretical support and data support for the performance optimization of urban community governance.From the actual situation,in the context of increasingly complex social environment,deepening of urbanization construction and comprehensive promotion of national governance modernization,the development of urban community governance is facing many difficulties and challenges,which are also hindering the improvement of urban community governance performance.In-depth analysis of these development difficulties should also be the basic premise of innovative practice and breakthrough of urban community governance in the new era.The specific manifestations are as follows:in the aspect of multiple subjects,there are problems such as unclear positioning of power and responsibility of grassroots governments and residents committees,lack of rootedness of social organizations and low participation of community residents;In terms of resource allocation,there are some problems,such as uneven distribution and obvious segmentation of resources,mismatch between resource supply and public demand,and increasing requirements on the form and content of resources.In the aspect of consensus shaping,there are some problems,such as the diversification of consensus subjects’ interests,the singleness of consensus reaching tools and the vagueness of consensus forming mechanism.In the aspect of organization and management,there are some problems,such as the administration of community management system,the fragmentation of community governance mechanism and the traditionalization of community governance tools.In the aspect of community coordination,there are some problems,such as imperfect coordination mechanism of community governance,interest hoarding in community governance,ignoring the guiding function of performance evaluation and so on.In order to realize the ideal model of urban community governance performance from the perspective of public value,it is necessary to reconstruct the relationship between the main body of community governance: straighten out the relationship between the grass-roots government and the neighborhood committee,promote social organizations from "embedding" to "integration",and guide the participation of community residents from "passive" to "active";Multi-directional integration of community governance resources: giving full play to the guiding role of policies,integrating internal community resources,expanding external community resources,etc.Building the consensus shaping mechanism: establishing the transmission mechanism of consensus demand,setting up the rule mechanism of reaching consensus,and improving the standard mechanism of consultation and discussion;Innovative means and methods of organizational management: shaping rational administrative system,forming participatory governance model,creating information governance tools;Coordinate and balance the conflict of community values: perfect the cooperation mode of fair cooperation,focus on public value introduction,give play to the leadership of community party organizations in coordination,etc.