Xi’an Coal Mine Labors’ Survival Conditions And Resistance Against Japan Struggles(1911-1945)

The Liaoyuan Coal Mine,formerly known as the Xi’an Coal Mine(hereinafter referred to as the Xi’an Coal Mine),has suffered from a series of human disasters including Japanese aggression,Japanese military occupation,and Kuomintang occupation since its establishment in the early years of the Republic of China,leading to severe destruction and loss of coal resources,as well as significant loss of laborers.The period of the puppet Manchukuo regime was particularly severe,and the reasons behind these circumstances are worthy of in-depth research and discussion.At the same time,the laborers of the Xi’an Coal Mine,living in a harsh environment,not only did not bow to the Japanese invaders but actively participated in anti-Japanese struggles,making every effort to protect their legitimate rights.Their long-term struggle and steadfast resistance spirit also deserve profound analysis.This paper takes the comprehensive and tortuous development history of the Xi’an Coal Mine,the mutual relationship between Sino-Japanese relations and the Xi’an Coal Mine,the sources of labor at different stages,the traditions and processes of labor’s anti-Japanese struggles as focal points.Through a historical perspective,it delves into a systematic study of the relationship between the living conditions of laborers and their anti-Japanese struggles at the Xi’an Coal Mine,the relationship between Japanese capital and the mining rights of the Xi’an Coal Mine,the relationship between the exploitation of labor by the Japanese invaders and the plunder of labor resources,the forms of labor’s anti-Japanese struggles and the policies of the Japanese invaders,as well as the relationship between the shareholders of the Xi’an mine and the Japanese invaders.This research aims to provide a typical case study for the study of the living conditions and anti-Japanese struggles of coal mine laborers during the Japanese puppet regime.In conclusion,the above points are the focus of this paper that needs to be deeply explored,researched,and summarized.The introduction discusses the origin of the research,defines the research objects,reviews and summarizes the references,explores the theoretical value and practical significance of the paper,and clarifies the logical relationship between the unique living conditions of the labor group at the Xi’an Coal Mine and the anti-Japanese struggles as the research goal.It also highlights the ideological foundation for mobilizing the laborers to resist the Japanese,the challenging aspects of the relationship between laborers and different identity groups,and seeks innovation from both historical records and content.The text consists of four chapters:Chapter One: The anti-Japanese sentiment of Xi’an coal mine workers before the September 18 th Incident.The background,process,and results of Japanese capital infiltrating Xi’an coal mines;expounds the process of Xi’an’s government and people’s struggle to protect mine rights;and analyzes the results and existing problems of the government and people’s anti-Japanese struggle.Chapter 2: The decline of Xi’an coal mines and workers’ awakening after the incident.It explores the Japanese occupation of Xi’an coal mines and the transformation of Xi’an coal mines;analyzes the Japanese and puppet methods of controlling labor;introduces the relationship between the Xi’an Special Branch of the Communist Party of China and the labor’s anti-Japanese struggle,and analyzes the detailed causes and results of the three general strikes and armed struggles.and the impact of these struggles.Chapter 3: New choices for Mantan and workers in their anti-Japanese struggle.Mantan merged and transformed the Xi’an Coal Mine;analyzed the crux of the deprivation of labor rights and the changes in labor composition;and introduced new changes in labor struggle methods.Chapter 4: The Japanese and puppets’ “emergency economic plunder” and the continuous struggle of labor.It discusses the background and process of the introduction of the "emergency economic plunder" policy;the huge damage caused by the "human flesh for coal" policy;and introduces the new way of labor’s anti-Japanese struggle.Conclusion.This paper discusses the living conditions of workers in Xi’an coal mines and the historical status and significance of the anti-Japanese struggle,summarizes the commonality and characteristics of the anti-Japanese struggles in Xi’an coal mines,and discusses the enlightenment this struggle brings to us.