| The research on the psychological and behavioral problems and Countermeasures of rural left behind children has important theoretical and practical significance for deepening the theoretical research on the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children,revealing the law of the psychological and behavioral development of rural left behind children,enhancing the physical and mental health of rural left behind children,and promoting their healthy growth and all-round development.Guided by the world outlook and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism,this paper uses the methods of literature research,questionnaire survey,in-depth interview and interdisciplinary research to determine,discuss and explore the meaning and characteristics of psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children,This paper discusses and analyzes the specific manifestations and causes of the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children,and studies and discusses the countermeasures to solve the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children.Define 、 expound and discuss the meaning and characteristics of psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children is a foundation work to study the psychological and behavioral problems and Countermeasures of rural left behind children.Rural left behind children are the children who are not in their 16 years old when their parents or one side is moving from the countryside to other areas,where their children are staying in the registered residence of the rural areas and can not live together with their parents.The psychological problems of rural left behind children refer to various barrier psychological problems and developmental psychological problems caused by personal and external factors in the life and study of rural left behind children.The behavior problems of rural left behind children refer to the moral behavior problems,law and discipline behavior problems,suicide and self injury behavior problems,social withdrawal behavior problems and other bad behaviors of rural left behind children caused by personal and external factors in their life and study.The psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children have the following characteristics:turbulence and transition coexist;Sociality and individuality coexist;Paroxysm and simultaneity coexist;Complexity and repeatability coexist.The specific manifestations of psychological problems of rural left behind children: first,emotional problems,which mainly include depression,anxiety,loneliness,shyness and fear.Second,developmental psychological problems,which mainly include peer attachment,parent-child attachment and sexual psychological development.Third,the lack of positive psychological resources,which mainly includes the lack of psychological elasticity,the lack of ability to obtain subjective well-being,and the low level of sense of hope.The specific manifestations of the behavior problems of rural left behind children: first,moral behavior problems,which mainly include learning problems,interpersonal problems,prosocial behavior problems and values problems.Secondly,the problem of law and discipline behavior,which mainly includes Internet addiction behavior,discipline violation behavior and aggressive behavior.Thirdly,the problem of suicide and self injury behavior,which mainly includes suicidal ideation and self injury behavior.Thirdly,social withdrawal behavior,which mainly includes quiet withdrawal behavior and active withdrawal behavior.We should not only objectively discuss the specific manifestations of the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children,but also deeply analyze the causes of the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children.Imperfect relevant policies,lagging laws and regulations,poor public opinion environment,and the care service system for rural left behind children need to be further improved,which are the social factors causing the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children.The lack of professional psychological counseling,the failure to establish the archives of rural left behind children,the imperfect management system and the imperfect home school cooperation mechanism are the school factors causing the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children.The lack of community capital and educational resources,the lack of organizations of care services for rural left behind children,and the low awareness of community participation of rural left behind children are the community factors resulting in the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children.The weakening of the family function of rural left behind children,the poor connection between parents and children,the lack of family natural authority and behavior discipline are the family factors causing the psychological and behavior problems of rural left behind children.Weak self-education consciousness,weak self-regulation ability,poor psychological quality and immature personality development are the individual factors causing the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children.In view of the specific manifestations and causes of the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children,this paper discusses the countermeasures to solve the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left behind children from five aspects: the optimization of social environment,the high attention of schools,the strengthening of community management,the construction of family atmosphere and the improvement of individual quality.First,in terms of social environment optimization,we should introduce relevant policies and strengthen implementation;Improve laws and regulations and safeguard the rights and interests of rural left behind children;Optimize the public opinion environment and improve the function of educating people;Build a care service system for rural left behind children.Two,in the aspect of school’s high regard,we should use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to cultivate people’s soul.According to the theory of positive psychology,improve the scientific level of psychological counseling;Learn from the theory of developmental psychology and explore the psychological law;Improve the management system and provide organizational guarantee;Improve the home school cooperation mechanism and enhance the effect of education.Third,in terms of strengthening community management,we should improve the governance ability and level of community left behind children;Strengthen the cultural construction of community left behind children;Strengthen the construction of community cadres and enhance the ability of community cadres to care for and serve left behind children;We will improve the early warning and emergency mechanism for psychological crisis of community and rural left behind children.Fourth,in the aspect of creating family atmosphere,we should create a good family atmosphere and promote the healthy growth of rural left behind children;Adhere to the correct way of education and promote the social development of rural left behind children;Strengthen emotional contact and provide emotional support for rural left behind children;Create a family learning atmosphere and set an example for rural left behind children.Fifth,in the aspect of individual quality improvement,we should improve the comprehensive quality and enhance the self-regulation ability of rural left behind children;Understand the role of self-education and stimulate the great potential of rural left behind children;Establish good peer relationship and improve the mental health level of rural left behind children;Improve psychological quality and enhance the ability of psychological adjustment;Shape a sound personality and enhance social adaptability. |
