| “Preserving arable land” and “Ensuring development” are two contradictory goals in China’s land use.On the one hand,population growth and the improvement of people’s living standards require a large amount of arable land to ensure food security;On the other hand,urbanization expansion requires the occupation of arable land to support economic development.There is a significant contradiction between arable land protection and construction land supply in China.The Land Management Law,revised in 1998,introduced the policy of “arable land requisition-compensation balance”,and cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators is generated on the basis of this policy.The areas that sold the supplementary arable land indicators are usually relatively economically underdeveloped and have sufficient cultivated land reserve resources,while the areas that purchase the supplementary arable land indicators are usually relatively economically developed and have insufficient cultivated land reserve resources.Cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators can achieve complementary resources and financial advantages between regions.However,due to the information asymmetry between the central and local governments,supply and demand entities in the cross-regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators,it is difficult to achieve a balance between the quantity and quality of supplementary arable land.In 2004,the central government imposed strict regulations on cross-provincial trading of supplementary arable land indicators.Although the introduction of the national overall policy for supplementary arable land in 2017 has slightly relaxed the control of the cross-regional trading scope of supplementary arable land indicators,the government still intervenes more in the transaction price and procedures,and market participation is insufficient.Under the requirements of market-oriented allocation of land elements,cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators also needs more markets,which are coordinated between the government and the market,so as to realize the combination of “effective market” and“active government” in land resource allocation.Combining historical and comparative analysis,qualitative and quantitative analysis,empirical and normative analysis,this paper analyzes the cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators from the perspective of government regulation based on relevant theories such as the role of government and market,location and regional division,Marx’s land rent and land price,land resource scarcity,land development right,and sustainable development,and attempts to answer the following questions: What is the history and current situation of cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators in China? What is the mechanism of crossregional trading of supplementary arable land indicators under different levels of government regulation? What is the effect of cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators under different levels of government regulation? How to optimize cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators?In response to the above problems,this article focuses on the following four main contents:(1)The evolution and practice of cross-regional trading policies for supplement arable land indicators.Firstly,the policy text content analysis method is used to sort out the evolution of cross-regional trading policies of supplementary arable land indicators.The policies are divided into three periods: transaction exploration period(1997-2003),intra-provincial trading period(2004-2016),and cross-provincial national coordination period(2017 to present).Then,the practice of intra-provincial and inter-provincial transactions of supplementary arable land indicators is analyzed,the influencing factors of the transaction are analyzed,and the influencing factors and dilemmas of transactions are explored.Both intra-provincial and inter-provincial transactions of supplementary arable land indicators refer to the spatial transfer of land development rights from areas with sufficient reserve resources and underdeveloped economies to areas with insufficient reserve resources and developed economies.However,the larger the cross-regional scope,the stronger the government’s intervention in transactions.Construction land output,cultivated land protection pressure,land financial dependence,industrial structure and other factors will affect the direction and scope of indicator transactions.At present,there are some dilemmas that need to be solved urgently in the practice of cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators,including insufficient coordination between the government and the market,potential exacerbation of regional development gaps,and increased transaction risks.(2)Mechanism analysis of cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators.The important role of land and the externalities of land use require the government to regulate the occupation of cultivated land for construction,resulting in supplementary arable land indicators.When the government chooses two different goals,“preserving arable land” or “ensuring development”,it will adopt different degrees of control over cross-regional transactions of supplementary arable land indicators.Therefore,analyzing the mechanism of cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators under different levels of government control is the basis for clarifying the optimization path.In order to correct market failures and protect cultivated land,the government strictly controls the cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators.The cross-regional trading behavior of indicator trading entities is restricted,so as to realize the protection of cultivated land,but it causes the misallocation of land resources.In order to improve the efficiency of land factor allocation and promote economic development,it is possible to relax the control of cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators under the background of the continuous improvement of the cross-regional transaction system.This will stimulate the cross-regional trading behavior of indicator trading entities,thereby increasing land economic output,realizing land development rights and macro-level differential land rent value,but it may also increase risks such as cultivated land protection and regional development differentiation.When the dual goals of “preserving arable land” and “ensuring development” are taken into account,the cross-regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators coordinated by the government and the market can realize the protection of cultivated land and the optimal allocation of land resources at the same time.(3)The effect analysis of cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators.Firstly,the evolutionary game model is used to analyze the behavior choices of cross-regional transaction subjects under different degrees of government control,and MATLAB is used for simulation.When strictly regulated,indicators trading entities choose to “not trade across regions” due to government penalties;When the regulation is relaxed,the cross-regional trading behavior of the indicator trading entity is no longer punished,and when the expected benefits outweigh the costs,it will choose “cross-regional transactions”.For the effect of cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators under strict control,the Differencein-Differences(DID)model is used to test the effect of cultivated land protection,and the marginal output and optimal allocation of urban construction land are calculated based on the Cobb-Douglas production function,and then the land misallocation effect under strict control is measured.The results show that cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators under strict government control has a positive impact on improving the quality of cultivated land,but it will cause misallocation of land resources.For the effect of cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators under deregulation,the output improvement effect of optimal allocation of construction land under the complete free trading of supplementary arable land indicators is calculated based on counterfactual assumptions.Based on the crossregional transaction value spillover connotation,the value of land development right and macro-level differential land rent is estimated,and the value spillover from deregulation is applied to indicator price optimization.The DSP system risk identification method and multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to identify and evaluate potential risks.The results show that cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators under the deregulation can increase economic output,realize land development rights and macro-level differential land rent value,but also increase the risks,such as future development of indicator suppliers,economic transformation of indicator demanders,and cultivated land protection.(4)The optimization path of cross-regional trading of supplement arable land indicators.After analyzing the effect of cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators under strict government regulation and deregulation,the optimization path of government-market coordination is proposed.Cross-regional trading of supplementary arable land indicators under the coordination of the government and the market needs to follow some principles,including the combination of market allocation and government control,the coordination of economic efficiency and regional equity,and the integration of economic development and social stability.By improving market prices,supply and demand,and competition mechanisms,optimizing government regulation and regulatory functions,coordinating the roles of the government and the market,and improving laws,systems,organizations and technologies,the specific optimization paths is constructed.This paper analyzes the mechanism,effect and optimization path of crossregional trading of supplementary arable land indicators from the perspective of government regulation,and the main innovations are as follows:First,innovation in research perspectives.Based on the perspective of government regulation,this paper analyzes the cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators,pays attention to the important role of the government in the cross regional trading of indicators,and also provides a new idea for constructing a cross regional trading mechanism of indicators coordinated between the government and the market.In order to improve the efficiency of land use,some scholars advocate the construction of a market-oriented trading mechanism of indicators,while the cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators is based on the government’s control of land use,and the market-oriented transaction needs to be based on government control.The existing research has insufficient analysis of the relationship between government regulation and supplementary arable land indicators and its cross regional transaction,this paper focuses on the cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators from the perspective of government regulation,and analyzes the mechanism,effect and optimization path of cross-regional trading of indicators in the context of government regulation,and the research perspective has a certain innovation.Second,innovation in analytical framework.Based on the analysis of the evolution and practice of the policy evolution and practice of the cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators,this paper summarizes the important role of the government in the cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators,and then analyzes the mechanism of the cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators from the perspective of government regulation,and then calculates the effect of cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators under different degrees of government control.Finally,based on the mechanism and effect,the optimization path of cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators is proposed.The analytical framework reflects the logical main line of “what is-what should be” of cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators from the perspective of government regulation,which has certain uniqueness.Third,innovation in research methods.Firstly,in the analysis of the policy evolution and practice of cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators,the policy combing is carried out specifically for the changes of the cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators,and the policy text content analysis method is used to refine the policy concerns in different periods and conduct quantitative analysis.Secondly,when analyzing the effect of cross regional transaction of supplementary arable land indicators under strict government control and deregulation,the positive and negative effects under different control degrees are summarized,and each type of effect is empirically measured by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis methods.The research method in this paper is relatively systematic and has certain novelties. |
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