Design Governance Of Urban Informal Space Through Hybrid Community Building

Fine governance is indispensable approach of modern urban governance and the inevitable requirement of promoting high-quality urban development.However,informal space is one of the wicked problems in urban management.Improper governance can easily lead to the dilemma of "losing vitality as soon as it is managed and chaos as soon as it is ignored".At present,with the rapid development of new generation digital technologies such as big data,cloud computing,artificial intelligence and digital twin,it has brought new opportunities for urban fine governance.Subject to the discipline limitations,the previous research on the governance of informal space mainly focused on the post governance with a single dimension guided by the safety bottom line.Design thinking is human-oriented,problem-based but not limited to problems,and is good at using interdisciplinary thinking model to creatively solve wicked problems.The combination of design and governance can help to optimize the quality of urban governance and solve the problems of urban governance.Then,from the perspective of urban design governance,how to use digital technology,integrate into the current urban physical space and social governance system,comprehensively govern the informal space from the source,and promote the high-quality development of the city has become an important topic that can not be ignored in China’s urban governance.In view of this,this paper will focus on the core topic of "how to apply hybrid community building to govern informal space",so as to provide help for the effective governance of informal space and the optimization of modern urban governance system.In terms of research structure,this study follows the research principle of "proposing problem → analyzing problem → solving problem →reflecting on problem" :Firstly,this paper starts with the research background,closely follows the practical requirements of urban fine governance and the inevitable trend of digital governance transformation,it focuses on the wicked problem in urban management-informal space as the research starting point.Through the relevant literature review and delimitation of the research scope,the research problems,research objectives and research methods are further established,and the research value and possible innovations are pointed out.Secondly,this research makes an in-depth study on the main concepts involved in the study "informal space","hybrid community building" and "design governance" from the aspects of etymology,connotation and extension,so as to strengthen the research foundation.At the same time,it explains the main theories "resilient city","modular city","digital governance" and "social innovation",and expounds the guidance and inspiration for the research.Then,using observation,interview and literature research,the author investigated the informal space in the central area of Shanghai,and summarized the intervention methods,general characteristics,existence value and potential problems of informal space.The study found that informal space has the characteristics of "violation but reasonable".In other words,although the informal space may violate the established rules and regulations,it brings problems such as space disorder,opportunity cost increase,uncontrollable risk increase and so on;However,we can not ignore its positive value in making up for the lack of function of formal cities,enhancing personal value and sense of acquisition,and promoting potential social innovation.From the perspective of supply and demand,the generation mechanism of informal space is actually the product of people’s initiative under the mismatch of supply and demand of urban space.If we can effectively guide people’s initiative,we can not only eliminate the potential risks and hidden dangers of informal space,but also stimulate individual creativity and community wisdom,so as to realize the social governance based on collaboration and broad participation.However,the current governance means are backward and can not make the hidden problems of informal space explicit.Therefore,it is often difficult to identify hidden problems,formulate effective actions,achieve multi-party cooperation and play a sustainable role.Based on the above problems,the research puts forward a new paradigm of design governance of "hybrid community building",trying to solve the governance dilemma of informal space with new directions,new mechanisms,new processes,new methods,new paths and new tools.Hybrid community building is an organic coupling of the three dimensions of "digital,physical and social",which has the characteristics of datadriven,multi-party collaboration,agile response and closed-loop feedback.It can dynamically coordinate the supply and demand matching of urban space resources,comprehensively personalize public services,maximize public interests and make governance decisions scientific,which is beneficial to enhance the governance ability of informal space.At the same time,taking Siping and Chifeng Road in Shanghai as an example,this paper further expounds the application assumption of hybrid community building.Finally,the author reflects on the difficulties in hybrid community building,including potential risks such as judgment failure caused by computational distortion,aggravating polarization caused by data discrimination,strengthening technocracy under algorithmic rule,and weakening people’s sense of autonomy due to technological dependence.At the same time,it puts forward corresponding solutions,including returning to the logic of humanistic governance,strengthening the construction of modern governance system,applying technology to enable social innovation and optimizing relevant laws and regulations system,in order to provide sufficient guarantee for hybrid community building.In conclusion,the main contributions of the paper include the following three points:(1)through empirical research,the special situation of "violation but reasonable" in informal space is revealed,and then the occurrence mechanism of informal space and its governance dilemma are explained;(2)it is pointed out that informal space is the product of people’s subjective initiative under the mismatch between supply and demand of urban space resources,which is conducive to systematic comprehensive treatment from the source;(3)it is proposed that a new paradigm of urban design governance,hybrid community building could dynamically coordinate the matching of supply and demand of urban space resources,so as to solve the problems of informal space at the source and system level;(4)it supplements the gap in the research of the design system in urban governance,and also provides reference for other areas of design governance.At present,the China city is in the transition period of governance digitalization,and through the exploration of the new paradigm of urban design governance of hybrid community building,it is hoped to provide useful reference for improving the modern urban governance system and the exploration of design disciplines in the field of urban governance.