Research On The Space Composition And Optimization Design Of The Public Rental Housing In Xi’an

Public rental housing is a rental-type security housing built to solve the housing problem of people with low-middle income living difficulties in urban areas.In October2017,General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed in the report of the opening ceremony of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to establish a housing system that combines both rental and purchase,which has also become the general trend of the future development of urban housing in our country.Following this policy orientation,Xi’an City has promulgated relevant laws and regulations to build public rental housing in proportion to new commercial housing projects.The demand for public rental housing has changed from "having housing availability and being able to live in" to the pursuit of housing quality.Households living in public rental housing have the characteristics of mobility and demand diversity.In the past research on the contradiction between supply and demand of public rental housing space,more attention was paid to the variability of space.The lack of a clear guiding ideology makes the public rental housing space and housing needs misplaced,and the contradictions between them become increasingly prominent,causing a series of problems such as unreasonable space design,imperfect functions,limited space adaptability,and poor living quality.Therefore,constructing a new mode of adaptive design of public rental housing space in Xi’an has become an important and realistic issue that urgently needs to be studied.Based on the above background and problems,the theoretical research and practical cases of public rental housing is combed at home and abroad,taking the public rental housing in Xi’an city as the research object,and aims to improve the adaptability of public rental housing supply and demand by constructing a new space model.The research contents and results are as follows:Firstly,it is analyzed the contradictions and existing problems in the supply and demand of public rental housing in Xi ’an,reveals the factors that affect the space adaptability of public rental housing,and puts forward the design concept of "space integration" in view of the difficulties faced by public rental housing.Its connotation is to meet the basic needs of public rental housing families,maintain their subjective initiative,and maintain their living stability.Secondly,the concept of "space harmony" runs through the whole process of space research,and the functional needs of families are determined according to the typical living behaviors and living behavior patterns of families.Combined with the regional climate of Xi ’an,the living habits of local families and the changes of housing needs brought about by the COVID-19 epidemic,after analysis and demonstration,six types of functional spaces,namely bedroom,living room(hall),kitchen,bathroom,balcony and porch,are determined,and the functional space system of public rental housing with complete functions and independent space is constructed.This paper analyzes the family structure and changing characteristics of public rental housing families in Xi ’an,and puts forward that the combination form of interior space should correspond to it,and improve the housing adaptability and the matching degree between supply and demand.Thirdly,by applying the theory and method of ergonomics,through the establishment of "action space" model,the space scale is refined and quantified to meet the basic needs of users.In order to improve the adaptability of housing,combined with the influence of social factors such as the COVID-19 epidemic on people’s living habits,this paper puts forward a "four small and two big" distribution model of interior space area of public rental housing,which can improve the adaptability and living comfort of housing to the diverse needs of families through large bedrooms and large living rooms.Finally,according to the concept of "space harmony" and based on the characteristics of family living needs,this paper puts forward a new space adaptive design model of public rental housing in Xi ’an-"space harmony" model.Its connotation is that the distribution of functional space area of housing is in accordance with the pattern of "four small and two big",emphasizing the separation of functional space and the perfection of housing function,which can independently meet the needs of protecting families.The combination mode of apartment space should meet the needs of the current living family and the change of family structure for the first time.After statistical analysis,a typical 1-2-person family living suite was selected to verify the practicability of the "spatial integration type" model.Give full play to and utilize the potential and flexibility of space function change,and carry out nesting design,so as to make the interior space adapt to diverse family life and its changing needs.Through the analysis and evaluation of space adaptability,it is considered as a good space adaptability of public rental housing.