Research On The Planning And Control Method Of High-rise And High-density Residential District At Regulatory Plan Stage Based On Sunlit Environment Constraints

With the acceleration of urbanization in China,it becomes increasing urgent of land use in large and medium-sized cities,so does the unit utilization ratio of residential land in residential areas.The trend of residential land has gradually developed from multi-storey before 2000,to the current situation dominated by high-rise buildings.In this modern high-rise residential development mainstream,the problem of sunlight mutual occlusion between adjacent blocks is becoming more and more prominent,especially the implementation of the "City Planning and Design Standards for Urban Residential Areas" on December 1,2018 in China,which prescribed the residential neighborhood(block system)as the fundamental form of the residential district,the size should be limited between 2 to 4 hectares regularly.The number of high-rise settlements in small plots is multiplied,which will aggravate the occurrence of sunlight mutual occlusion between neighboring blocks.The current regulations on residential sunlit environment in China stipulate the minimum standard for sunlit amount in residential buildings,which is a kind of “result regulation” rather than “process regulation”.It stucked at the stage of the construction layout adjustment in revision phase,during the implementation process of sunlit standard.However,the lack of effective control of the sunlit environment during the regulatory detailed planning period caused the mutual infringement of the rights between adjacent blocks in the high-rise residential areas,which also brought great trouble for the managers and designers of urban and rural planning and developers.Therefore,it is the fundamental solution to the sunlight environment problem that to clarify the regulation method and content based on sunlit environmental support standard in the regulatory plan stage,and to guide the planning and design of the revision phase effectively.This thesis focuses on the current situation of sunlit environmental protection and the frontier of scientific development in China’s residential areas.It analyzes the legal rights and interests of residents’ sunlit environment,explains the contradiction of sunshine in high-rise and high-density settlements in China,reveals the internal mechanism between sunlit environment and urban space.It is an active exploration of regular and control methods suitable to the high-rise high-density urban settlements,with the consideration of fair,efficient,reasonable guarantee of sunlit environment,in order to build up the research content and system based on the control elements.The research contents mainly include the following five aspects:(1)The construction of a high-rise high-density residential area planning regulation research system based on the standard of sunlit environment constraints.Through the analysis of the relationship between the sunlit environment and the urban space in the residential area,to preserve the rights of the sunlit environment between the neighboring high-rise residential plots based on the basic principle of control of sunlit environment in adjacent plots,it builds up the research content and system by controlling elements of land scale,land use layout mode,floor area ratio,plot control range and time,which are closely related to the sunlit environment,it also attempts to contain the sunlit environment control into the regulation system to construct a framework for the development of control regulations based on sunlit environment control.(2)The interpretation of the sunlit problem in high-rise high-density settlements and research on the control method of sunlit environment in adjacent blocks.First,facing the trend of high-rise high-density buildings in large cities in China,through a large number of practical case study,it analyzes and summarizes the characteristics and reasons why the sunshine environment between adjacent blocks in high-rise residential areas is out of control.Secondly,the maximum influence area(active occlusion and passive occlusion)of the sunshade shadow of the high-rise residential area is defined,that is,the control range of the sun occlusion is delineated,according to the height limit of the building.and the sunlit time in each control range is defined according to the principle of interests equalization in adjacent blocks,meanwhile,sunshine control range and control time are included into the control plan At last,the sunshine environment control method for the adjacent blocks in the high-rise high-density residential area is obtained.3)Study on the scale control and land layout of high-rise high-density settlements based on sunshine constraints.This paper takes a comprehensive large-scale residential area as the research scope.Since the proportion of residential land is much larger than that of other types of public service,thus,from the perspective of sunlit environment,the high-rise residential area will present two different forms: “centralized” residential area neighborhood and "decentralized" with settlements adjacent to public places:First,it studied the “centralized” high-rise residential plot scale control method and the minimum appropriate scale under the constraints of sunlit environment.With the implementation of the block system,the contradiction between the small-scale high-rise residential blocks is becoming more and more serious.According to the sunshine control system for adjacent blocks mentioned before,the sunshine control in the target block under the influence of the sun block occlusion of the surrounding blocks is established.The mathematical calculation model of the effective area is used to obtain the“centralized” high-rise residential block scale control method under the constraints of sunshine environment,and the minimum suitable scale of the ideal urban residential area is then calculated.Secondly,for the “decentralized” high-rise residential areas,the functional mixed layout mode between residential land and “low sunshine demand” land based on sunshine environment constraints is studied.Facing the current situation of passive placement and lacking of overall planning of “low sunshine demand” land,and the development trend of mixed function residential concept advocated by open settlements,this study proposes a mixed layout principle based on the improvement of sunlit environment.In this way,the type of land use layout mode for residential land and “low sunshine demand” is clarified,and the purpose of improving the sunlit environment of high-rise high-density residential areas is improved by optimizing the land use layout of residential areas.(4)Research on improvement method of floor area ratio of high-rise high-density residential areas based on sunlit environment constraints.Relevant scholars in China have conducted more explorations on the method of estimating the plot ratio of residential area under the constraints of sunlit environment.Among them,the “two-dimensional packing method” has made better progress.This paper aims at optimizing and improving two aspects on the “two-dimensional packing method”。One is to improve the setting of the rightmost and northmost unit body according to the packing order and position,to avoid waste of land;The second is to consider the influence of the volume ratio estimation caused by the neighboring land parcels on the sun block of the target block,and to apply the above-mentioned adjacent block sunlit environment control method to the floor area ratio estimation,with the aid of mathematical modeling and artificial experience.In this way,the method of estimating the plot ratio of the settlement under the constraint of sunshine is finally obtained.5)Research on Control Regulation Based on Sunlit Environment ConstraintsTaking the Hongdao residential area in Qingdao as an example,the regulation and adjustment based on the improvement of sunlit environment were carried out.Through the adjustment of plot size and land use layout,the land use planning scheme under the constraints of sunshine environment is obtained.Through the formulation of the control scope and control time of the sunshine environment of the plot and the determination of the plot ratio under the sunshine constraint,the plot unit index based on the sunshine environment control is obtained.Finally,the control system and process based on the improvement of the sunshine environment are clarified.In the end,from this study,it is concluded that the solar radiation environment control method in the adjacent high-rise high-density residential areas,the residential land scale control method based on the sunshine environment constraints,the suitable minimum scale,and the land use pattern of the residential area and the method of volume ratio estimation.The research content meets the urgent needs of the current high-rise high-density residential area sunlit environment in China,and it provided a practical and feasible solution for control regulation and urban management in theories,methods and basis.