| Since China’s accession to the World Trade Organization,it has risen rapidly in the intergenerational transfer of the world’s manufacturing centers with its competitive advantage of cheap labor.In just over 20 years,China has not only become the world’s largest country in goods trade,but also the world’s largest emitter.Western countries are holding back China from taking more responsibility for reducing emissions in an attempt to turn climate change into a political tool to balance China’s development.General Secretary Xi Jinping assessed the situation,faced difficulties,voiced China’s voice at the UN Biodiversity Summit,and took the initiative to "strive to achieve carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before2060,and make greater efforts and contributions to achieving the goals set by the Paris Agreement on climate change".Therefore,as China’s pillar industry,the manufacturing industry must accelerate the transformation from the development model driven by factors in the past to innovation-driven in the future,and make a typical demonstration to achieve this grand goal.The report of the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the specific path of "promoting the deep integration of modern service industry and advanced manufacturing" and "promoting the high-end,intelligent and green development of manufacturing industry".Taking this paper as the starting point,this paper explores the influence relationship between manufacturing service input,global value chain embedding and carbon emissions,and explores the impact mechanism and transmission path of carbon emissions from the factor structure at the input end to the division of labor mode at the production end to the output side,so as to provide empirical basis and policy suggestions for achieving high-quality economic development and improving the construction of ecological civilization.Firstly,based on the measurement of core variables,this paper analyzes and compares the current situation of manufacturing servitization,global value chain embedding and carbon emission levels in various countries from 2000 to 2014.In terms of the level of servitization input,the countries with the highest degree of servitization in the world are located in Europe,while the lowest countries are mostly concentrated in Asia and Latin America,and China is only the fourth from the bottom;China’s distribution and transportation services are relatively high,while the level of commerce,communication and financial services is low.In terms of the level of global value chain embedding,China is only in the penultimate position ahead of Brazil;In the comparison of the division of labor model between China and the United States,it is found that China’s backward value chain embedding degree is ahead of the United States,but the forward embedding degree is far apart,resulting in China’s overall value chain embedding still has a considerable gap with the United States.In terms of carbon emission levels of various countries,China and the United States are firmly in the forefront of the world’s highest emitters,and far ahead of other countries.The difference is that the United States has shown a downward trend in carbon emissions since the beginning of the sample,while China’s growth rate has only begun to slow down until the end of the sample.It can be seen that under China’s huge carbon emission equivalent,whether the low level of manufacturing servitization and the degree of embedding in the global value chain can become a breakthrough in improving China’s environmental quality and improving the construction of ecological civilization needs to be considered urgently.Based on this,this paper firstly considers the environmental effects of manufacturing servitization and global value chain embedding respectively.From the perspective of closed economy,based on the panel data of 14 manufacturing industries in China from 1995 to 2009,it reveals the impact of manufacturing input servitization on carbon emission reduction.The results show that input servitization reduces the carbon emission intensity of each country;from the perspective of manufacturing heterogeneity,the emission reduction effect of input servitization in pollution-intensive industries is greater than that of non-polluting industries;in view of the heterogeneity of service sources,each manufacturing industry Between them,more attention should be paid to transportation and commercial services to maximize the effect of carbon emission reduction.In addition,the mechanism analysis shows that input servitization can reduce carbon emission intensity through energy substitution,technological innovation and structural optimization effects.The conclusion of the study proves that increasing the level of input servitization will help coordinate the development of China’s manufacturing industry and its commitment to carbon emission reduction.Secondly,based on the panel data of 62 economies from1995 to 2011 from the perspective of an open economy,a spatial panel econometric model is used to explore the impact of embedding in global value chains at the national (regional) and industry levels on the carbon emissions of host countries.The study found that there is a positive spatial dependence between participating countries in the global value chain and neighboring countries;while forward and backward value chain participation have different spatial spillover effects,and the latter dominates most of the spillover effects;about industry heterogeneity,the spatial spillover effect produced by the manufacturing industry is stronger than that of the service industry;compared with the low-tech sub-sectors,the high-tech manufacturing industry shows a stronger spatial spillover effect.The conclusion of the study proves that the "pollution paradise" hypothesis will survive in the form of spatial spillover effects through the backward division of labor in the global value chain.Nevertheless,it remains to be verified whether the service elements at the input end of the manufacturing industry will affect the carbon emissions at the output end by affecting the division of labor at the production end.Therefore,from the perspective of short-term static equilibrium,this paper incorporates manufacturing servitization,global value chain embedding and carbon emissions into a unified empirical analysis framework.Based on the cross-border cross-industry panel data of global manufacturing from 2000 to 2014,this paper empirically analyzes the multi-dimensional effect of input servitization on manufacturing carbon emissions from the perspective of input output,and focuses on the marginal transmission role of global value chain in the relationship between servitization and carbon emissions,including the underlying mechanism and transmission channels.The results show that the carbon emission reduction effect of servitization is further confirmed and shows heterogeneity characteristics under different emission intensities,which is still robust after considering the potential endogenous and substituting core variable measures.In addition,the global value chain participation of countries and industries implicitly offsets the carbon emission reduction effect of servitization,in which backward value chain participation plays a leading role in this process.The extended analysis shows that the emission reduction effect of servitization is more significant in countries with strong environmental supervision and high environmental awareness,as well as industries with intensive pollution and strong capital dependence.Therefore,this paper argues that servitization is a feasible way to coordinate high-quality economic development and resource and environmental constraints.Finally,from the perspective of long-term dynamic equilibrium,this paper further improves the environmental effect assessment perspective of manufacturing from input to production to output.Based on the global cross-border cross-industry panel dataset from 1995 to 2018,the panel autoregressive distribution lag model is used to focus on the long-term and short-term effects of service factors and value chain division of labor,as well as linear and nonlinear characteristics.The results show that renewable energy and service factors at the production input end can produce long-term and sustainable carbon emission reduction effects,but in the short term,renewable energy is more effective than service factor input.Embedding into production systems in GVCs leads to an increase in carbon emissions in the short term,but in the long run,this adverse effect dissipates over time and eventually translates into environmental gains.In addition,the forward value chain division model proved to be the dominant factor in this environmental gain shift,because the relationship between forward value chain embedding and carbon emissions proved to be inverted "U",while the impact between backward value chain embedding and carbon emissions was monotonically negative.The path-dependent analysis shows that the factor structure of the manufacturing input side can affect the carbon emissions at the output end by changing the production division of labor at the process end.This study provides a new perspective for understanding the environmental impact of the production process,and helps to coordinate the high-quality development of economy and trade and the imminent resource and environmental constraints. |
PDF Full Text Request