The Impact Of Manufacturing Servitization On Carbon Emissions ——A Trade-Based Perspective

Since the Industrial Revolution,the global demand for energy has exploded.The rapid development of industrialization has consumed a lot of fossil energy and brought a series of environmental problems such as global warming.Energy,resources,environment and other constraints continue to highlight.How China’s industrial economy should face the ecological challenges has become an increasingly important issue in China as it enters the stage of high-quality development.Environmental economists try to reduce environmental costs by improving the structure of production,and manufacturing servitization is increasingly proposed as a solution to reduce carbon emissions.In order to clarify the responsibility of carbon control and explore more more precise carbon reduction strategies,research on embodied carbon emissions was born.In the process of economic globalization,the international division of labor reshaped by trade makes efficient allocation of environmental resources among global economies,and the resulting spatial transfer of environmental costs is particularly significant in the manufacturing sector.The emergence of the phenomenon of "separation of production and consumption" makes the responsibility of consumers invisible in the direct statistics of carbon emissions.The carbon embodied in trade distributes carbon dioxide backward along the global value chain and calculates the carbon transfered by trade,so that providing a fulcrum for discussing "common but differentiated responsibility".Traditional researches focus on the economic aspects of manufacturing servitization,and a few studies on environmental impact are qualitative and lack of quantitative evidence.This paper discusses the environmental impact of manufacturing servitization from the perspective of trade,first constructs the theoretical framework of the impact of manufacturing servitization on carbon emissions,further subdivided two kinds of embodied carbon emissions,and gradually tests the impact of manufacturing servitization on manufacturing carbon emissions and the two kinds of embodied carbon emissions,mainly drawing the following conclusions:1.During the observation period,the degree of manufacturing servitization increased,and developing economies lags far behind in manufacturing servitization.With the continuous increase of manufacturing output value,the carbon emissions of manufacturing industry in developing economies increased significantly,but the carbon emissions of manufacturing industry in developed economies decreased rather than increased.Behind the huge difference of environmental efficiency are technological difference and pollution transfer.As for the two kinds of embodied carbon emissions,the Export Carbon Embodied in manufacturing Trade reflects the environmental costs paid by a certain country’s certain manufacturing industry in global exports,which is higher in developing economies than in developed economies.The widening gap between developed and developing economies indicates that developing economies bear more environmental costs in world trade.Otherwise,the Carbon Embodied in manufacturing Export Trade reflects the global environmental costs paid by a certain country in a certain manufacturing export.The continuous increase of the total Carbon Embodied in global Manufacturing Export Trade indicates that carbon industry transfer leads to the expansion of global pollution.2.There is a significant "inverted U-shaped" relationship between manufacturing servitization and manufacturing carbon emissions.That is,with the improvement of manufacturing servitization,manufacturing carbon emissions increase first and then decrease.In the extensive growth stage,the effect of servitization on the expansion of production scale exceeds that on the improvement of production efficiency,which promotes the growth of carbon emissions in the manufacturing industry.And after entering the stage of intensive growth,the servitization of manufacturing industry plays an even greater role in improving the efficiency of resource allocation and ultimately reduces the carbon emission.Based on the heterogeneity of economies,the impact of manufacturing servitization on carbon emissions of economies with lower industrial scale,higher pollution dependence and lower development level is more severe.The empirical test also proves that manufacturing servitization amplifies the increasing effect of industrial scale on carbon emissions,and inhibits the increasing effect of high pollution dependence on carbon emissions,which has a moderating effect on other factors affecting carbon emissions from both sides.3.As a part of carbon emissions,there is also a significant "inverted U-shaped" relationship between the two kinds of embodied carbon emissions and the servitization in manufacturing,but the inflection point of " Export Carbon Embodied in Trade（ECET）" curve is significantly earlier than that of " Carbon Embodied in Export Trade（CEET）" curve.In other words,with the improvement of the degree of manufacturing servitization,Export Carbon Embodied in Trade（ECET）will first decrease,and when the degree of manufacturing servitization further increases to a certain extent,the Carbon Embodied in Export Trade（CEET）will decrease accordingly.Based on economic heterogeneity,the impact of manufacturing servitization on economies with larger trade scale,higher pollution dependence and higher level of production technology is more severe,and these economies are more likely to cross the inflection point and enter the stage of the reduction of embodied carbon emission.In addition,manufacturing servitization industry amplifies the increasing effect of trade scale and the reduction effect of production technology level on embodied carbon,and restrains the increasing effect of industrial structure with high pollution dependence on embodied carbon.4.With the increase of manufacturing servitization,China’s Export Carbon Embodied in Trade（ECET）decreases,but China’s Carbon Embodied in Export Trade（CEET）increases.As China’s manufacturing industry is in the stage of transformation from extensive economy to intensive economy,China’s manufacturing industry is changing its role in the global value chain from the "receiver" to the "transfer" of polluting industries.The test of industry heterogeneity shows that the high carbon manufacturing industry is still in the stage where the Export Carbon Embodied in Trade increases with the manufacturing servitization’s increase,whose development process is relatively slow.In addition,the moderating effects of manufacturing servitization on other influencing factors of the two kinds of embodied carbon emissions are mainly inhibited.The possible innovations of this paper are as follows:（1）The environmental impact of manufacturing servitization is extended to the field of trade,and the theoretical framework of the impact of manufacturing servitization on carbon emissions under open trade is constructed from the perspective of trade,and evidence support from empirical tests is provided for it.（2）For the first time,Export Carbon Embodied in Trade（ECET）and Carbon Embodied in Export Trade（CEET）are distinguished,and the two concepts of embodied carbon emissions are logically summarized and coordinated in this paper.（3）Distinguish the different impacts of manufacturing servitization on the the two kinds of embodied carbon emissions,and conduct empirical tests respectively from the global perspective and single economy perspective,organically combining the general conclusions based on the transnational panel with the specific conclusions based on the Chinese panel.（4）The observation object is expanded in time and space to provide more comprehensive empirical evidence.