| China’s economic growth after the reform and opening up has been a miracle in the world,but the rough-and-tumble economic model has led to a shortage of resources and environmental pollution,which is not conducive to sustainable development.Under the new development concept,green has become the colour of high-quality development,and in 2020,General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed for the first time a "double carbon target" at the United Nations General Assembly,demonstrating China’s confidence in its pursuit of green,low-carbon and high-quality development.This indicates that green technology innovation will play a more important role than in previous stages of development,becoming an important core area in the new industrial revolution under technological competition and economic globalisation.Actively promoting green technology innovation is an important way to achieve green and sustainable development,which is conducive to traditional industries to reduce the level of resource and energy consumption,reduce pollution emissions and break through environmental constraints.However,China’s green technology innovation development started late and its independent research and development capability is weak,and there is still a certain gap with some developed countries.It is necessary to explore the driving factors to promote green technology innovation.In recent years,the refinement of China’s industrial division of labour has become more and more obvious,and the manufacturing industry is gradually separating out the productive service industry,in line with the "two-wheel drive" development strategy of the new era,the productive service industry and the manufacturing industry are developing in synergy,becoming a key link to break the bottleneck of the development of the manufacturing industry,and at the same time,it has a significant role in the optimisation of the industrial structure,modernisation and technological innovation.The development of the production service industry has a significant role to play.To promote green technological innovation and sustainable growth,industrial development must be supported by a reasonable industrial layout.In order to get out of the dilemma of "lowend lock-in" and "green innovation" in the manufacturing industry,the synergistic development of "manufacturing + service" is the key.Therefore,it is important to investigate the impact of industrial clustering on green technology innovation to optimize the spatial layout of industry,improve the level of industrial clustering and build a green technology innovation environment.Based on the above realistic background,this paper studies the influence of industrial synergistic agglomeration on green technological innovation and its mechanism of action.It also attempts to answer the following key questions: In the context of the implementation of green technology innovation strategy and the urgent transformation and upgrading of industries,can the synergistic agglomeration of production service and manufacturing industries promote green technology innovation?What is the theoretical logic of this? What are the paths through which industrial clustering can contribute to green technology innovation under a market-oriented approach? Does the green technology innovation effect of industrial agglomeration show different results depending on the economic zone,economic development stage and industry agglomeration? Does government-driven environmental regulation promote or inhibit the green technology innovation effect of industrial agglomeration?And will the green technology innovation effect of industrial agglomeration have spatial spillover effects on local and neighbouring areas? Based on the above questions,this paper analyses the direction and impact of the synergistic agglomeration of production services and manufacturing industries on green technology innovation from both theoretical and empirical perspectives,combining qualitative and quantitative approaches.Firstly,this paper draws on Daron Acemoglu et al.(2012)to construct a two-sector endogenous growth model,including traditional polluting technology production sectors and green and clean technology production sectors,in order to analyse the selection bias of industrial agglomeration on green technology innovation.It is theoretically demonstrated how urban green technological innovation is affected by the synergistic agglomeration of productive services and manufacturing industries,and the mechanism of the synergistic agglomeration of productive services and manufacturing industries on green technological innovation is discussed;secondly,the spatial and temporal characteristics of the synergistic agglomeration of industries and green technological innovation are analysed and interpreted,and the evolutionary trends over time and the development of different regions are examined;then,a study is conducted using Then,a two-way fixed-effects econometric model was constructed using 283 cities at prefecture level and above from 2005 to 2019,and the data and model were used to explore the effect of synergistic industrial agglomeration on green technology innovation,and the instrumental variables method was used to deal with the endogeneity problems in the model,and a series of robustness tests were done including replacing the core explanatory variables,the explanatory variables,deleting special cities and tailoring the sample variables,after which a series of robustness tests were conducted from After the empirical analysis,the impact paths of industrial agglomeration on green technology innovation were analysed.The mediating effect model was used to analyse the knowledge spillover effect,cost saving effect and resource allocation effect;the moderating effect model was used to analyse the environmental regulation effect;the spatial Durbin model was used to analyse the spatial spillover effect of industrial agglomeration on green technology innovation;and the spatial Durbin model was used to analyse the spatial spillover effect of industrial agglomeration on green technology innovation.The spatial Durbin model is used to analyse the spatial spillover effects of industrial agglomeration on green technological innovation.The main findings of this paper are as follows:Firstly,based on the basic theory and connotation of industrial synergistic agglomeration and green technological innovation,and drawing on Daron Acemoglu et al.’s(2012)study,this paper constructs a two-sector endogenous growth model,which includes traditional polluting technology production sectors and green and clean technology production sectors,and analyses how industrial synergistic agglomeration acts on green technological innovation through mathematical derivation.The mathematical model deduces that the synergistic agglomeration of industries will give technological innovation a bias towards clean technologies,i.e.the synergistic agglomeration of productive services and manufacturing industries will promote the development of green technological innovation.The mechanism of action suggests that,in terms of market orientation,industrial agglomeration will promote green technology innovation by promoting knowledge spillover,reducing business costs and reducing resource mismatch;in terms of government promotion,the green technology innovation effect of industrial agglomeration will be influenced by environmental regulation.From a "local-neighbourhood" perspective,the spatial spillover effects of industrial agglomeration and green technology innovation can also be seen.Second,the characteristics of industrial agglomeration and green technology innovation show that:(1)during the observation period 2005-2017,the industrial agglomeration index of 283 prefecture-level cities showed a fluctuating downward trend;in the observation period 2018-2019,it began to show a slow upward trend.From a regional perspective,the industrial synergy agglomeration index of the western region is higher than that of the central region,and also higher than that of the eastern region.The average value of the industrial synergy agglomeration index is highest in the western region,which reached its peak in 2012,and the index shows an inverted "U"-shaped fluctuating downward trend;it reached its peak in 2012;the central region has the second highest industrial synergy agglomeration index,which also shows an inverted "U"-shaped fluctuating downward trend.The central region has the second highest index of industrial co-integration,which also shows an inverted "U"-shaped fluctuating downward trend and peaks in 2013-2014;the eastern region has the smallest index of industrial co-integration,with a more moderate index movement and an upward trend in 2019.From the perspective of city hierarchy,during the period 2005-2018,the industrial co-clustering index of mega-cities and megacities is higher than that of large cities,medium cities and small cities;the level of industrial co-clustering of megacities is the highest in 2019,while the degree of co-clustering of megacities,medium cities and small cities is not much different.From the perspective of industry agglomeration,over the 15-year period,the synergistic agglomeration index of highend productive services and manufacturing industries shows a fluctuating downward trend,while the synergistic agglomeration index of low-end productive services and manufacturing industries shows a fluctuating upward trend.The eastern region has the highest synergistic agglomeration index between high-end productive service industries and manufacturing industries,while the western region has the lowest agglomeration index.(2)In general,the total number of green invention applications and the total number of green invention licenses in China increased year by year during the period from 2005 to 2018,with a decreasing trend in 2019.The rapid development of green technology innovation is made possible by the support of national finance,the support of green finance and the training of basic researchers.From a global perspective,although China is far ahead in terms of the number of green patents,it lags behind other developed countries in terms of green patent quality,while it is the EU countries that rank first in terms of green high-value patents.China has made great progress in total green technology innovation,but the regional imbalance makes the level of green technology innovation development also has variability.The cities in the highest quartile of green technology innovation are located in the eastern coastal region,while the cities in the next highest quartile are mainly located in the eastern region,and some provincial capitals and municipalities directly under the central and western regions are scattered.From the perspective of economic regions,the number of green innovation patents in the eastern region is growing rapidly and maintains its leading position;the number of green innovation patents in the central region shows a gentle upward trend and maintains stable development;the number of green innovation patents in the western region is lagging behind the eastern and central regions,but is also striving to catch up.From the perspective of city rank,the total amount of green innovation patents decreases with the decrease of city rank,i.e.mega-city is larger than mega-city than large city than medium city than small city.Thirdly,the empirical test of industrial co-integration and green technology innovation confirms that:(1)the level of co-integration between productive service and manufacturing industries can significantly and positively affect green technology innovation,and after adding the quadratic term,it shows a statistically inverted "U" shape of first promoting and then inhibiting,but most of the sample cities are in the inverted "U" curve.However,most of the sample cities are on the left side of the inverted "U" curve.By replacing the measures of the core explanatory variables and the explanatory variables,removing the sample outliers(removing particular cities and reducing the tails of all variables),and using the instrumental variables approach(IV)to address the potential endogeneity of the model,the conclusion that the level of synergistic agglomeration between productive services and manufacturing has a significant positive effect on green technology innovation remains robust.(2)The heterogeneity analysis shows that at the economic zone level,in both the eastern and central regions,the synergistic agglomeration of industries has a significant positive effect on green technology innovation,but the promotion effect in the eastern region is lower than that in the central region,and the western region is also positive but not significant;in terms of economic development stages,the synergistic agglomeration of industries can significantly enhance the level of green technology innovation in cities at different development stages,while From the perspective of industry agglomeration,in general,the level of synergistic agglomeration between low-end productive service industries and manufacturing industries is lower than the level of synergistic agglomeration between high-end productive service industries and manufacturing industries in promoting green technology innovation.Fourth,the mechanism test of industrial synergistic agglomeration and green technology innovation confirms that:(1)market-oriented intermediary effect level: ○1knowledge spillover intermediary effect.The synergistic agglomeration of productive service and manufacturing industries significantly promotes knowledge spillover and thus enhances green technology innovation.In terms of the heterogeneity of economic regions,we examine the influence of the knowledge spillover effect mechanism of industrial synergistic agglomeration in different regions on green technology innovation and find that the coefficients of the knowledge spillover effect mechanism in the eastern,central and western regions are all significantly positive,and the knowledge spillover effect of industrial synergistic agglomeration in the eastern region is lower than that in the central and western regions,indicating that the knowledge spillover effect of synergistic agglomeration level of productive service and manufacturing industries is not affected by regional heterogeneity.Both are the role paths to promote the development of green technology innovation.○2 Cost-saving intermediary effect.The improvement of the industrial co-integration index will significantly save the comprehensive cost and thus enhance green technology innovation.From regional heterogeneity,we examine the impact of cost-saving effect mechanism on green technology innovation in different regions,and find that in the eastern and central regions,the level of industrial synergistic agglomeration has a significant negative impact on comprehensive cost and a significant positive impact on the western region.○3 Mediating effect of resource allocation.The level of industrial synergistic agglomeration promotes green technology innovation by alleviating resource mismatch.From the aspect of regional heterogeneity,we examine the influence of the level of industrial synergistic agglomeration on resource allocation in different regions,and find that industrial synergistic agglomeration can alleviate resource mismatch in the eastern and central regions,but is unfavorable to resource allocation in the western region.(2)At the level of government environmental regulation,both command-and-control and market-incentive environmental regulations are not conducive to industrial agglomeration for green technology innovation.The regulatory effects of environmental regulations are also analyzed at the level of economic zones,and it is found that market-incentive environmental regulations and command-and-control environmental regulations have significant negative regulatory effects in the eastern region,while they are not significant in the central and western regions.(3)Spatial spillover effect.In the local area,the spatial spillover effect of industrial agglomeration on green technology innovation shows an inverted "U" curve of "first up and then down";in the neighboring area,it shows a "first down and then up" "U" curve.Based on the findings of the study,this paper has discussed the following issues:"Rational promotion of synergistic industrial clustering and implementation of’differentiation’ strategy","Strengthening the radiation function of synergistic clustering and promoting integrated development in adjacent areas as one","Marketled and market-driven development",and "Market-led and market-defined development"."This paper puts forward policy recommendations that are conducive to the development of green technological innovation through the synergistic clustering of production service industries and manufacturing industries,based on the findings of the study,such as "the organic unification of market-led and government-promoted development environment". |
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