Study On Dynamic Mechanism Of Community Participation In Three-River-Source National Park Governance

At present,China’s first batch of national parks are officially established,which marks the beginning of a new era of ecological protection led by national parks.This is a new mark of ecological civilization construction and a new starting point for building a beautiful world.As a kind of public goods or quasi-public goods,the governance and construction of national parks need to explore a set of co-construction,sharing and co-governance models involving the cooperation of government,enterprises,communities,the public and various social organizations.As a social unit composed of the public,the community,on the one hand,is the "micro cell" that constructs society,and is the bond of emotion,culture,and interests between individuals and communities,and between individuals and society,which is related to the success or failure of social governance;on the other hand,it is the "golden key" to open the national park.It can not only bridge the gap among all parties,but also break a win-win path for ecology and people’s livelihood.In summary,this paper is designed to explore feasible paths for community integration in national park governance,clarify the source of motivation for community participation in national park governance,and reveal the deep logic of community participation in national park governance at the time of the century-long transformation of China’s social and ecological governance.This paper takes the Three-River-Source National Park as an example,focuses on the internal and surrounding communities of the national park and follows the philosophical logic of constructivism,trying to build a dynamic mechanism model based on internal and external,spiritual and material factors by taking the plasticity of internal spiritual concepts as a starting point.It also explains the composition and operating mechanism of the dynamic elements of community participation in national park governance from the perspective of local scenes.Through systematically analyzing and summarizing the dynamic structure,elements and operating mechanism of local communities participating in national park governance,it is expected to provide some reference for further enhancing the motivation of community participation and even the practice of participatory governance theory in the field of national parks in the future.According to the above research purposes,firstly,through literature research,systematic analysis of the structure,function and transmission medium of the dynamic mechanism,the author puts forward the limited reasonable hypothesis between the dynamic elements and the community participation behavior and build a theoretical model of the community participation dynamic mechanism.On this basis,the meta-analysis method is adopted to conduct secondary research on the measurement dimensions of model variables,in order to ensure the reasonable design of variables and the accuracy of data collection to the greatest extent.After screening 550 articles,coding integration,effect size calculation and publication bias testing,the sub-dimensions of the model variables were finally selected,and the path model was constructed.Secondly,in order to further verify the path hypothesis,a mixed research plan and explanatory sequence design were adopted to design a questionnaire for community participation in the Three-River-Source National Park on the basis of referring to the mature scale through the adjustment of individual items and the compilation of language and text.7 rural communities in the national park were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey,and finally 383 valid questionnaires were obtained.Besides,the outline of the interview was determined to conduct resident interviews at the same time as the questionnaire survey.Finally,the data was sorted,structural equation model and multiple regression analysis were used to verify the hypothesis of motivation elements and participation behavior in the path model,and at the same time,the results of quantitative verification were further supplemented through the analysis of interview data.In addition,in order to fully reveal the operation process of the community participation dynamic mechanism and explore the operation mechanism more deeply,a rural community within the scope of the Three-River-Source National Park was selected as the research object to carry out further case studies.Through interviews with local residents,government staff,monks,and heads of social organizations and other participating subjects,first-hand information was obtained to analyze the evolution process and cycle characteristics of the participatory governance theory when it is applied to the environmental governance of rural communities.At the same time,it discusses how the rural community scene integrated by the elements of "local knowledge" such as local landscape culture,religious culture,and taboo culture affects the participation behavior of local residents,as well as the operating mechanism and mechanism of participation dynamics.The study found that the path model’s assumptions about public space and social capital,sense of place,and the latter two and community participation behavior have all been verified.At the same time,the regression analysis of residents’ education level,family income and participation motivation also showed significance.The case analysis found that when the theory of participatory governance was applied to the environmental governance of the case community,it went through 4 stages,showing that the motivation of community participation grew from nothing,the main body of community participation increased from less to more,and the main body of residents’ participation gradually increased.In this process,the internal and external motivations of community participation use the community scene constructed by local cultural elements as the transmission medium.Through promotion and attraction,both have an impact on the motivation of community residents to participate in environmental governance.In the case,the community environmental governance has shifted from the vertical management of a single main body of government to the multi-subject,flat multi-governance of the government,residents,society,and the market.This is not only the stage of the evolution of participatory methods,but also the process of the development of participatory democracy.This change is conducive to breaking the hierarchical system in social classes and units,placing all participants in the same community scene,and conducive to the fact that all subjects sit on an equal footing and generate motivation for participation.Through the integration of “local knowledge”,the “creative scene” of rural communities is constructed to link living space and community residents and influence the psychology and behavior of community residents.This case is worthy of thinking in the field of national park governance and community governance.This is the new way of thinking for China to break through the traditional economic determinism and location constraint theory under the imbalance of regional development,make use of the rich local human resources,redefine and judge the value of rural communities,national parks and other social units with poor physical conditions and geographic locations.It is also a new way to build a "bridge" for local people to a better life.In addition,the establishment of the assumption logic of public space-community residents-participation behavior has reference value for the formulation of national park management regulations,local regulations and even national laws,and has practical guiding significance for the formulation of community participation programs.