Study On Eco-efficiency Measurement Evaluation And Realization Path Of Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands Life Community In Heilongjiang Province

The 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the importance of "We have persisted with a holistic and systematic approach to conserving and improving mountain,water,forest,farmland,grassland,and desert ecosystems".It is very important to promote the construction of a beautiful China,improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem and make the ecological security barrier stronger..Heilongjiang Province as a pilot province of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands Life Community(MRFFLG)ecological protection and restoration project,covering all the typical natural ecological elements of the MRFFLG system features,is an important natural ecological barrier in northeast China and even north China,both to maintain and protect the national ecological security,food security,homeland security tasks.Heilongjiang Province has a complete ecosystem of MRFFLG,with the largest number of internationally important wetlands,the largest state-owned forest areas,and the largest commercial grain production base.The richness of wetlands,forests,agricultural lands and protected lands makes it play an important role in maintaining national ecological security.Therefore,this paper takes the MRFFLG in Heilongjiang Province as the research object,takes the ecological civilization construction strategy as the overall leader,aims to coordinate the MRFFLG,systematically manages to improve the quality of the ecosystem,scientifically measures the construction degree of the MRFFLG,evaluates its construction level,and provides theoretical support and policy suggestions for the ecological protection and restoration of MRFFLG.Firstly,the theoretical research framework of eco-efficiency evaluation of the MRFFLG is constructed.We combine the natural process of life community operation with the socio-economic process,propose the theoretical mechanism of ecological efficiency evaluation of the MRFFLG,and construct the ecological efficiency measurement and evaluation system of the MRFFLG from socialecological system thinking,add the evaluation of management efficiency,make up for the problem of insufficient socio-economic results included in the ecological restoration assessment process,and make a comprehensive measurement assessment of the MRFFLG The evaluation system is a comprehensive assessment of the current situation of the community.Secondly,the evaluation index system of ecological efficiency of the MRFFLG is constructed from four dimensions: natural resource input,socio-economic input,non-desired output and desired output of the MRFFLG,highlighting the systemic and holistic nature of the community;considering the mobility among the elements in the life community system,the data selection contains static and dynamic data,stock and The data selection includes static and dynamic data,stock and flow data,and considers the substitution and flow relationship among natural resource elements of the life community under the pressure of economic growth.The study proposes that the evaluation index system is constructed from the perspective of ecological and economic and social systems,which makes up for the problem that the evaluation of ecological protection and restoration is mostly biased toward ecological attributes and technical aspects,and is insufficient for the evaluation that includes socio-economic attributes;based on the perspective of multi-source data utilization,it integrates dynamic and static data,resource stock data and flow data,and combines remote sensing data with statistical data,which is more reliable and consistent than using single manual It has the advantages of higher reliability,better data consistency and comparability,and more comprehensive data study than the single use of manual measurement data;the super efficiency-SBM model is selected for measurement to overcome the problem of slackness in input-output variables and accurately identify the ecological efficiency level of the MRFFLG.The super efficiency-SBM model was chosen to measure the flow and stock indicators separately,and it was found that the stock indicators of resource utilization were more practical and reliable for the measurement of MRFFLG.The eco-efficiency level of MRFFLG in Heilongjiang Province is low,with a mean value of 0.343,indicating that the imbalance between inputs and outputs leads to the lack of a better coordinated development between economic development and ecological protection,and the eco-efficiency still varies significantly among cities in different periods and shows some spatial heterogeneity.Thirdly,the ecological efficiency of the MRFFLG is evaluated based on two dimensions of time and space,and the ecological efficiency evaluation mechanism of the MRFFLG is proposed in time and space dimensions respectively,and its feasibility is verified from the theoretical point of view.Evaluate the temporal evolution trend and spatial distribution pattern of the eco-efficiency of the MRFFLG.The main problems of ecological restoration in the MRFFLG are identified.The study proposes: the evaluation of the ecological efficiency of the MRFFLG in the time dimension,including the overall evolutionary evaluation of the ecological efficiency level,the sub-time evolutionary evaluation of the ecological efficiency level,the Malmquist index decomposition evaluation,and the management level evaluation in the sub-time.The evaluation of spatial dimension includes the application of Arc GIS natural intermittent point grading method,standard deviation ellipse method and β absolute convergence and β conditional convergence test methods to evaluate the spatial evolution pattern of eco-efficiency of the MRFFLG.The analysis and exploration of the ecological efficiency pattern of the MRFFLG based on both time and space dimensions provides a complementary and integrated perspective for the evaluation,which can consider the changes and impacts of ecological restoration of MRFFLG in a more complete and comprehensive way.Finally,from the perspective of temporal and spatial co-integration and optimization,we construct a modular integrated path analysis system containing multiple objectives and scales,explore the path of realizing the life community of MRFFLG driven by the comprehensive optimization of temporal and spatial scales,identify the driving factors affecting the path of realizing the life community of MRFFLG with the help of Arc GIS,spatial measurement models and other tools,and determine the reasonable interventions under the strategic objectives The study proposes that: Considering the time and space,the paths of the MRFFLG are identified.The study proposes that by considering the influencing factors under the joint integration of time and space,the research can be carried out more comprehensively and comprehensively around the key issues of MRFFLG,and provide the path of optimizing and improving the MRFFLG.Therefore,the realization paths are proposed from the following three aspects:(1)the spatial spillover implementation path driven by economic growth,which promotes the improvement of the ecological efficiency of the MRFFLG;(2)the spatial convergence implementation path driven by social management,which reduces the ecological efficiency gap of the MRFFLG between regions and promotes the coordinated and balanced development between regions;(3)the spatial interaction and synergy implementation path driven by ecological restoration,which gives full play to the local resource advantages to achieve balanced ecological-economic-social development.On this basis,the guarantee measures for the operation of the MRFFLG are proposed from both macro and micro levels.The results show that(1)in terms of the time dimension,the eco-efficiency level of MRFFLG in Heilongjiang Province has increased significantly during the period when the Natural Forest Protection Project ended in Phase I,the Natural Forest Protection Project started in Phase II,and the period when commercial logging of natural forests was completely stopped;among them,the eco-efficiency level of resource mature cities is relatively generally high,while the eco-efficiency level of non-resource cities is the lowest;the total factor productivity fluctuates significantly in the growth process of eco-efficiency of the whole MRFFLG.Accelerating technology diffusion will become one of the important means for the effective operation of the living community in the future;the state’s guiding policy regulation plays a great role for ecological protection and restoration,while the local government makes the system construction more perfect through mandatory policy regulation.(2)From the spatial dimension,the eco-efficiency level of MRFFLG differs significantly in the regional pattern and does not maintain the same directional development pattern as the economic growth level and ecological resource endowment;the implementation of ecological protection and restoration projects since 2018 has to some extent promoted the improvement of eco-efficiency level of pilot cities MRFFLG;during the implementation period of the Natural Forest Protection Project,the main movement of the migration trajectory of the center of gravity of ecoefficiency of MRFFLG range is located in the key state-owned forest area of Heilongjiang Province,indicating that the policy implementation has a significant effect on the improvement of eco-efficiency level,but the spatial distribution pattern of eco-efficiency center of gravity is not stable enough during the study period;from the results of convergence analysis,the ecoefficiency level of MRFFLG in Heilongjiang Province will eventually converge to the same steady-state level,and the regions with lower eco-efficiency have relatively higher growth rate,and the eco-efficiency gap between regions will be gradually reduced in the the future will be gradually reduced.(3)Considering the influencing factors under the co-integration of time and space,the research can be conducted more comprehensively and comprehensively around the key issues of W and provide the optimal enhancement path of W.Therefore,we propose the realization paths from the following three aspects:(1)the spatial overflow realization path driven by economic growth with the goal of promoting ecological efficiency enhancement;(2)the spatial convergence implementation path driven by social management with the goal of promoting coordinated and balanced development among regions;(3)the spatial interaction and synergy implementation path driven by ecological restoration with the goal of achieving balanced ecological-economic-social development by giving full play to the advantages of local resources.In conclusion,this paper enriches the theoretical framework,realization paths and guarantee measures for the improvement of the operational efficiency of the from the theoretical level and practical level,which has very important reference values for the overall protection,system restoration and governance of natural ecosystem in China.