Research On Environmental Policy Evaluation From A Multi-dimensional Perspective

To control environmental pollution,the Chinese government has issued a series of environmental policies.At present,there are a large number of environmental policies in China and there is no effective evaluation feedback mechanism,which leads to the problems of duplication and conflict of environmental policies,and further results in the problems such as the deviation of effect and goal of policy implementation,and higher cost of policy implementation.Setting up a sound assessment mechanism and carrying out the socio-economic impact assessment of environmental policy are the essential methods for China to perfect the environmental policy system and achieve green development.First of all,based on systematically combing the development history,current situation,and problems of China’s environmental policy and environmental policy assessment,draws on the experience of environmental policy assessment of major countries,this study constructs a theoretical model of environmental policy impact on multi-agents,and determine the main perspective and sub perspective of environmental policy assessment.This study further constructs a multi-dimensional environmental policy evaluation framework from the perspective of government,enterprise,residents,and the environment.From the multi-dimensional perspective,this study defined the aims of environmental policy assessment,the composition,rights,and responsibilities of the assessment subject,the applicable assessment methods,and the main procedures of environmental policy assessment.Furthermore,this paper takes the pollution charging system,which is the most widely implemented,the most comprehensive,and the longest-running market environmental policy in China,as a case for performing econometric empirical analysis of environmental policy evaluation from a multi-dimensional perspective,and mainly has the following works:(1)From the government perspective,this study calculates the implementation cost of the pollution charging system and its impact on the financial medical expenditure,at constant prices in 1978,it is found that the policy implementation cost from 2003 to 2017 is 0.92 billion yuan,while the reduction of the financial medical and health expenditure is 192.25 billion yuan during the same period;(2)from the enterprise perspective,this paper find that the pollution charging system leads to the increase of enterprise management costs,fixed assets,production costs,and enterprise profits,inhibits enterprise innovation input and output,and reduces enterprise pollution emissions;(3)from residents’ perspective,this paper investigates the impact of the pollution charging system on the health level and health expenditure of residents,and concludes that the pollution charging system can improve the health level and reduce the health expenditure of residents;and(4)from an environmental perspective,according to the analysis of the impact of the pollution charging system on environmental quality,this study concludes that the pollution charging system can effectively improve environmental quality.Besides,the results indicate that the pollution control effect of the pollution charging system is more effective in the regions with higher pollution levels or the lower economic level.Finally,a series of policy suggestions for improving China’s environmental policy evaluation mechanism and optimizing the environmental protection tax system is provided from the perspective of government,enterprises,residents,and the environment.For instance,establishing a shared and unified environmental information database is needed to promote the development of multi-agent policy assessment.The policymakers can implement differentiated environmental policies for enterprises with different ownership categories.Promote the informatization process of environmental policy implementation and control the cost of environmental policy implementation.The government should set up the supporting policies of innovation support fund to alleviate the inhibition effect of enterprise innovation.The tax rate of environmental protection should be raised moderately to balance the inequality of residents’ comprehensive welfare.