Development And Experimental Study Of Typical Live Fire Training System

The hazard and complexity of the fire scenarios are intertwined and superimposed.Under hazards and pressure of fire environment,firefighters are often unable to effectively apply the hazard identification methods,fire fighting and rescue techniques,and personal protection measures,which have been skillfully mastered in daily learning and training,often leading to firefighter casualties.A live frie training system was developed in our work to create a live frie training environment similar to the real fire scenarios to comprehensively promote the resilience of firefighters and to enhance their capability to handle fire emergencies under dangerous and complex environments.Petrochemical and construction fire accidents were taken as the subjects of the study.The functional requirements of the live frie training system were analyzed from the aspects of hazards,firefighting cases,simulation functions,applicaction scenarios,reasons and patterns,and training requirements.Data statistics and other techniques were used to analyze the important simulation methods of combustion,smoke production,leakage and explosion.Combustible liquid and gas were used as fuels for fire simulation,and the relationship between smoke production and time was theoretically derived.The leakage location of the petrochemical live frie training system,and the methods for explosion simulation were determined.Based on the comparative analysis of different gas combustion devices,an atmospheric combustion device was developed.The swirling combustion device was designed to improve the spray atomization under the conditions with insufficient pressure,and the key parameters were theoretically deduced and calculated.Experiments were carried out with a gas combustion device using LPG as fuel to replace the diesel pool fire.By adopting both orthogonal and comparative experimental methods,the influences of factors including LPG injection means,nozzle diameter,flow rate,etc.,on the apparent characteristics of flame were investigated.The parameters of the gas combustion device using LPG as fuel were obtained.The heat release rate of combustion and the changing patterns of temperature were gained.ALOHA was used to analyze the leakage of spherical tanks,and FDS was used to simulate the combustion and leakage of vertical tanks,as well as building fire scenarios.The poisonous and explosive impact range of ammonia gas,a common spherical tank storage material,the heat flux at different distances after the leakage and burning of the vertical tank were abtained.The chaning patterns of heat release rate,temperature,and smoke movement under building fire scenarios were gained.Live frie training scenarios of petrochemical and building fires were constructed,and the relevant key parameters were provided.Training devices were developed to simulate traps,falling objects from roof and building structure deformation.A live fire training system was constructed covering the three stages of training preparation,execution and summarization,and a mathematical model of the evaluation index system was established.Based on utility function,the training subjects of the live fire training system were optimized,and the method and mathematical model of the optimization process were determined.On the basis of the experimental results of safe training time of live fire simulation,Cox analysis method was used to set up a mathematical model of live fire training time according to the perspective of survival,and the recommended values were derived.The heart rate changes of firefighters participating in live fire training were analyzed through experimental studies,which verified the scientific nature of the training.