Biodiversity Of Bouyei Culture In Hongshui River,guizhou Province

Biodiversity is a century issue that the world is concerned about.The natural science community has made fruitful achievements in the research field of biodiversity protection.More and more experts in the field of ecology have found that the local people living in biodiversity areas have rich biodiversity resources,they have the methods to maintain the balanced development of cultural ecology,and they have the traditional knowledge of animal and plant utilization.Bouyei people living in the Nanpan,Beipan and Hongshui rivers in the upper reaches of the Pearl River are such a group.This paper points out that folk knowledge and scientific knowledge can complement each other and coexist,and even reach the same goal in some aspects;It points out that some western anthropologists who study China are used to starting from the clan,placing folk culture in the grand narrative of the central dynasty,and believe that folk knowledge is mainly used to deal with the dark side of village society.This case proves that this statement is biased.The field research point of this paper is Lekang village,Wangmo County,Guizhou Province.It is an ancient village in the north of Hongshui River.It was once a representative village in the investigation of"Six Mountains and six rivers"in Guizhou in the 1980s.In 2010,Lekang village was included in Wangmo Cycas Natural Reserve,Guizhou,and became the center of Duyi-Lekang area.As the largest Bouyei natural village in the intersection zone of the South and North Panjiang rivers,Lekang villagers have accumulated rich traditional knowledge of animal and plant utilization and maintained the cultural ecology of the village.The Bouyei people take animals and plants as the media and traditional customs as an educational resource,which not only ensures human nutrition and energy absorption,but also protects animals and plants.For example,the birth ritual which symbolizes"to get flower"in the sky("要花"is word-for-word translation of Bouyei word’aulwal[（?）au²⁴wa²⁴]’,aul means’picking’,and wal means’flowers’)",not only protects the lives of children,but also protects the local food source-wild fish for generations.Animals and plants are used as educational resources to protect the living things including human beings;As a resource for making friends,songs adorn from animals and plants.The familiarity with the habits of animals and plants directly affects the quality of song editing,friend selection and marriage.This is an ecological feature of ancient villages.Another feature of Lekang village is to use traditional knowledge to solve the"wedge"problem in the village.Lekang people compare migrant households to"wedges".Although they"plug in",they lie outside the villagers’life.In the village society,compared with the people who enter the village in front,the people who come in behind are"wedges".They first live in the cracks of the village and finally integrate into the village.Historically,there was a relatively complete traditional education system in the village outside the school education,Bumo,Bujim（the protagonist of the"flower picking",a child seeking ritual）,Buya（commonly known as"witch"）,sermon（Taoist priest）and Mr.Feng Shui."Outsiders"come with ancient songs,witchcraft and other skills,deal with the same local fans,gradually integrate into the village,and achieve a smooth transition,which is due to the"great tradition"of Bouyei society.The traditional knowledge of villages is also being updated with the continuous improvement of ethnic education.The progress in knowledge has also updated the ideas of the village and changed the ecological landscape of the village.The general framework of the article is as follows:The first chapter is introduction.It mainly states the reasons for writing this article.At present,the ecological environment is deteriorating and biodiversity is threatened.Biodiversity research has become a social issue of common concern to government departments and academia.Ecologists,sociologists and ethnologists have found that wild animals and plants are widely distributed in indigenous living areas.More and more experts have found that local traditional knowledge contains many methods conducive to the protection and utilization of biodiversity.Therefore,Lekang village,a Bouyei village on the North Bank of Hongshui River,is taken as a pilot village to explain the traditional knowledge of the utilization of local Bouyei animals and plants.The second chapter is an overview of Lekang village.Combined with field and literature survey,this paper summarizes the cultural resources and biological resources of Lekang village.It mainly introduces the geographical location,natural conditions,place names,population ecology and human customs of Lekang village.It mainly focuses on the ecological reasons why Lekang village has become a large village on the North Bank of Hongshui River,and obtains information through participation in observation,in-depth interviews and field visits to inscriptions.The third chapter is the traditional culture formed by the use of animals and plants.It mainly focuses on the local animal and plant resources,classification and their utilization in national customs,focuses on introducing the traditional knowledge of the utilization of several local animals and plants,deeply excavates the social organization of the village,and discusses the sources of different groups of people and the local cultural foundation that makes foreigners change from"wedges"to aborigines.The forth chapter,village landscape under the special historical influence.The study of chieftain in Guizhou has long been a research topic of concern in the academic circles,which is manifested in the study of the Tingmu system（local official system）in Southwest Guizhou.Tumu with the surnames of Wang and Huang are the native official in the history of Southwest Guizhou,and Lekang is an important branch of tumu with the surnames of Wang.During the investigation of Lekang cultural ecology,it is found that the village customs and education have obviously left traces of the influence of the local society.The natural landscape of the village-the bamboo forest planting in Guanrishan Hill in Zhongyuan and the oil-tea-tree planting in the west of the village are the products of this special historical influence.The changes of filial piety culture in the village and the villagers’yearning for modern education and cadre system are also closely related to this history.This chapter especially combs the historical context of the Lekang branch and the Wangmu branch of the Wang family,and describes the objective reasons for their impact on the naming of village plants.The fifth chapter analyzes the scientific principles of rural biodiversity.This chapter summarizes the full text,combs the Bouyei society’s use of traditional knowledge through the use of animals and plants as the media and folk customs as the traditional educational resources,and points out that the use of traditional knowledge of animals and plants is not unchanging,it is updated with the renewal of national education.It points out that folk knowledge and scientific knowledge complement each other,and has a theoretical dialogue with some western anthropologists who conduct clan research.It holds that it is biased to put folk culture in the vision of the Grand Central Dynasty and divide the supernatural world of Chinese farmers into two parts of"good ancestors"and"evil ghosts",and that folk knowledge such as shaman can only deal with the dark side of village society.