| China is one of the countries with the most abundant biodiversity in the world.People of all ethnic groups in China have accumulated a lot of traditional knowledge in the long-term process of protecting biodiversity and sustainable use of biological resources.This traditional knowledge originates from various nationalities and local communities and is reflected in the local traditional production and lifestyle,and it is called "Traditional Knowledge Associated with Biodiversity".In recent years,the protection,access and benefit-sharing of traditional knowledge have become hot international issues.With the rapid development of society,economy and the change in the way of life and production,traditional knowledge in many ethnic regions is facing the risk of disappearing.In-depth research is urgently needed to find the most suitable protection measures.The Yao people have lived in southern mountain forests for generations.In the process of long-term rational use of local forest and other natural resources,they have developed traditional ethnic cultures,formed rich traditional knowledge,technological innovations and practical experience.These are the crystallization of Yao's politics,socio-economic and historical culture.The study of the knowledge has profound significance for the inheritance and development of the Yao's culture and the sustainable development of the local society and economy.This study investigated,collated,and cataloging the traditional knowledge associate with biodiversity of the Yao through combination of literature surveys and field surveys.The traditions knowledge was systematically cataloged in the form of items in accordance with classification criteria,and a database of traditional knowledge related to biodiversity of the Yao people was established,and then the structure,content and characteristics of its traditional knowledge were analyzed in depth.Based on this,a case study of the cultural landscape of the Yao terraced fields was conducted.Through the analysis of the four landscape elements of the terraced fields,such as forest,village,terrace,and irrigation,the relationship between the landscape elements of Yao terraced fields and traditional knowledge related to biodiversity was discussed.Combined with the problems found in the field survey,the restrictive factors of traditional knowledge transmission of Yao people were analyzed,and the strategies of protecting traditional knowledge related to biodiversity of Yao nationality were put forward.The conclusions of this study:1.Complete the investigation and cataloging of traditional knowledge associated to biodiversity of Yao people in Guangxi.Based on field research and related literature research on the Yao ethnic gathering area in Guangxi,according to the"Technical Regulations on the Classification,Investigation and Cataloging of Traditional Knowledge Related to Biodiversity(Trial)" issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the people's Republic of China in 2014,the 514 entries of traditional knowledge related to biodiversity of the Yao ethnic group are cataloged.In which the traditional knowledge of agricultural genetic resources total 135(accounting for 26%);traditional medicine knowledge 187(36%);traditional technology and practices 75(15%);there are 88(17%)traditional cultures related to biodiversity,and 29(6%)geographical indication products related to traditional knowledge.2.The characteristics of Yao traditional knowledge related to biodiversity are analyzed.Based on the catalogue of traditional knowledge entries,the characteristics of the formation and development of Yao traditional knowledge are analyzed,showing that the formation of Yao traditional knowledge is related to the endowment of local natural resources and humid climatic conditions in southern subtropical mountains.The development of traditional knowledge is related to its local socioeconomic,which means the accumulation and improvement of traditional knowledge is closely related to in the process of sustainable use of local biological genetic resources;the protection of its traditional knowledge and the unique ethnic cultural heritage complement each other and support each other,that is,the protection and use of traditional knowledge will promote the inheritance of national culture,and the inheritance of national culture.will also contribute to the protection of traditional knowledge.3.In-depth study of the traditional knowledge connotation and interrelationship in the cultural landscape of the Yao terraced fields.The Yao's terraced cultural landscape is composed of four basic elements:forest,village,terraced field and irrigation system,forming the overall landscape pattern of mountaintop forest,mountainside village,mountain foot terraced field and irrigation system.This distribution pattern reflects the characteristics of composite agriculture with reasonable structure,complete functions,diverse values,and self-regulation,forming a unique agricultural composite ecosystem.The traditional knowledge of Yao related to the biodiversity and the local terraced cultural landscape form a mutually reinforcing relationship,which is the basis for ensuring the optimal management of local natural resources,the rational use of ecological resources,and the sustainable development of society and economy.4.Propose strategies for protecting and inheriting traditional knowledge related to biodiversity of Yao.Due to ecological destruction,changes in land use methods,inadequate inheritance and protection consciousness of the Yao people,infiltration of foreign cultures,contradictions in socioeconomic development,and insufficient protection of laws and policies,many traditional knowledge and ethnic culture of the Yao have disappeared and threatened.According to the problems found in the field survey,this study proposes:establishing and improving the legal and regulatory system for protecting traditional knowledge associated to biodiversity;strengthening the digging,and promoting application of traditional knowledge associated to biodiversity for the purpose of protection;establishing a database of traditional knowledge,and promoting the access and benefit-sharing of traditional knowledge;strengthen the promotion of traditional knowledge,increase the recognition of the traditional knowledge of the Yao people and the enthusiasm for protecting traditional knowledge.The main innovations of this research:This study is the first study of Yao traditional knowledge and traditional culture from the perspective of biodiversity conservation.It conducts research on traditional agricultural genetic resources,traditional medicine,traditional technology and lifestyle,traditional culture related to biodiversity,and traditional biological geographical indication products.It systematically and comprehensively surveyed,organized,and cataloged,and established a database of traditional knowledge related to biodiversity of the Yao,which enriched the research on the biological genetic resources and traditional culture of the Yao.The results of this study can provide technical support for China's implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol,as well as provide basic data and cases for China to formulate and implement“a national system for access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources and related traditional knowledge". |
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