Research On The Impact Of Urban Public Transport Development On The Green Economic Efficiency

Public transport is a basic service provided by the city government,and the“artery”of urban economic development.However,in the process of urban development centered on economic construction,the economic basic functions of public transport have received little attention.As an important transportation mode in the modern urban transportation system,public transport plays an important role in the development of urban green economy under the current background of Chinese cities' pursuit of green economic development.Correctly understanding the relationship between public transport and green economic development can effectively guide the development of public transport and promote the healthy and sustainable development of cities.This dissertation takes the relationship between urban public transport and green economic development as an entry point.The main research work includes four aspects:(1)Construct a research framework.First,starting from the phenomenon of“separation of work and residence space" caused by rapid urbanization,the importance and necessity of public transport development are analyzed in detail,and the feasibility of urban public transport development is further explained from the perspective of urban residents' travel needs.Then,the research framework of the impact of urban public transport development on the green economic efficiency is constructed from the following three aspects:the facility scale of public transport,the service effectiveness of public transport,and the public consumption of urban public transport.On this basis,a series of theoretical analysis is carried out on the relationship between urban public transport development and green economic efficiency,and the research hypothesis of this dissertation is proposed,which provides basis and support for subsequent empirical research.(2)Research on the impact of public transport facility scale on urban green economic efficiency.From the perspective of urban public transporation investment,the bus ownership ratio is selected to represent the public transport facility scale.Using the panel data of 265 cities at prefecture level and above in China from 2004 to 2016,the random effect panel Tobit model and the mediation effect model are constructed to empirically analyze the impact of public transport facility scale on the urban green economic efficiency and the intermediary transmission path.In particular,this study examines the heterogeneous influence of the public transport facility scale on the urban green economic efficiency under different regions and city scales.The study found that there is a significant "U-shaped" curve relationship between the public transport facility scale and the urban green economic efficiency;human capital,employment scale and advanced industrial structure have significant mediating effects in the impact of public transport facility scale on the urban green economic efficiency;compared with the western region,the "U-shaped" curve relationship between the urban public transport facility scale and the urban green economic efficiency is more obvious in the eastern and central regions;the "U-shaped" curve relationship between urban public transport facility scale and urban green economic efficiency is more obvious in large cities,while in small cities,the "inverted U-shaped" curve relationship between urban public transport facility scale and urban green economic efficiency is not significant.(3)Research on the impact of public transport service effectiveness on urban green economic efficiency.From the perspective of urban public transport's input-output efficiency,the ratio of passenger volume to the number of public transport vehicles is used as a proxy indicator of public transport service effectiveness.Using panel data from 265 cities at prefecture level and above in China from 2004 to 2016,the dynamic panel data modle and the intermediary effect model are constructed to empirically analyze the impact of public transport service effectiveness on the urban green economic efficiency and the intermediary transmission path.In particular,this study examines the heterogeneous impact of public transport service efficiency on the urban green economic efficiency in different regions and city scales.The results show that there is a significant "inverted U-shaped" curve relationship between public transport service effectiveness and urban green economic efficiency;labor productivity has a significant mediating effect in the impact of public transport service effectiveness on urban green economic efficiency;the inflection point of "inverted U-shaped" curve relationship between public transport service effectiveness and urban green economic efficiency is the largest in the western region,followed by the eastern region,and finally in the central region;the larger the city,the greater the inflection point of the "inverted U-shaped" curve relationship between public transport service effectiveness and urban green economic efficiency.(4)From the perspective of public travel needs,explore the micro-foundation of urban public transport service effectiveness affecting uban green economic efficiency,that is,public consumption of urban public transport.Based on the data of 334 Changzhou survey questionnaires in 2016,taking the commuting mode as an example,the Probit model is used to empirically studies the influencing factors of public transport consumption from the aspects of esteem needs and public transport services.In particular,the impacts of esteem needs and public transport services in different family structures and groups are explored.The study found that esteem needs have significantly negative impact on individuals' public transport consumption;improving public transport services can significantly increase the possibility of people choosing public transport in commuting;the effects of esteem needs and public transport services are different in the minimum membership age of different families;from the results of cluster estimation,the negative effects of esteem needs are significant in the groups of women,low-education,high-income and foreign hukou.The innovation of this dissertation lies in:First,the combination of public transit development and green economy expands the research scope of the relationship between transportation and economic development.Existing research on the relationship between transportation and economic development mainly focuses on railways,highways and shipping,reflecting the economic promotion of transportation's freight and cross-regional passenger transport functions.This dissertation takes public transport undertaking the main passenger transportation tasks within the city as the research object,combined with the current high-quality modern economic system construction requirements,discuss the impact of urban public transport on the green economic efficiency.It is verified that urban public transport,as a basic service closely related to people's production and life,also plays an important role in urban economic development.Second,verify the existence of "Downs-Thomas Paradox" from the perspective of empirical research.This dissertation uses the sample data of 265 cities in China from 2004 to 2016,and uses a dynamic panel data model for analysis.The results show that there is a significant non-linear relationship between the public transport service effectiveness and the urban green economic efficiency,which is specifically expressed as an "inverted U-shaped" curve relationship.Third,starting from the micro-foundation of the impact of public transport service effectiveness on the urban green economic efficiency,combining Maslow's hierarchy of needs with public transport choices,the reasons for public transport consumption are discussed from the perspective of travel psychology.This dissertation uses questionnaire survey data,based on Chinese face cultural background,combines public transport services and people's psychological appeal for respect,comprehensively analyzes the reasons why people choose to travel on public transport,and provides a useful reference for the government to formulate relevant policies for the priority development of public transport.