Research Of China’s Urban Public Transport Service Efficiency Of Supply

As an important urban infrastructure and a social welfare, urban public transport service has a close relationship with the economy of a country and the people’s life. It is of great importance to improve the level of urban public transport service supply no matter for the development of urban or the satisfaction of public life, especially in a period that China’s urbanization process is accelerating. The way to solve the problem of urban public transport service supply and improve the efficiency of public transport service supply becomes a topic with the common concern of government, enterprises and the public. During the period of planned economy, the public transport service supply was taken over by the government. Though the government guaranteed the public welfare of the public transport which served as a quasi-public good, but the supply was inefficient and the “financial burden” of government became increasingly heavy due to the problem of overstaffing in the institution. With the rise of western public administrative reform, market supply system became a new way to meet the growing demand for public transport services and improved the efficiency of public transport service supply in some extent at the same time. The competition mechanism of market system has the functional advantages which cannot be replaced by other mechanisms, but the competition mechanism is not a perfect choice, owing to that the effect of competition mechanism depends on the policy environment and it is also subject to the industry characteristic. Furthermore, the urban public transport service is a quasi-public good which should be public welfare. Due to this characteristic, the supply of urban public transport service cannot only take the maximizing profit as the goal, but gives consideration to both fairness and efficiency.Whether the government or the market supply mode, the purpose is to enable the supply of urban public transport service to adapted to the trend of contemporary public transportation industry and satisfy the travel needs of public, so as to improve the efficiency of urban public transport service. In order to solve this problem, it must be started from the viewpoint of solving practical problems and the situation that doing more theoretical analysis than empirical research should be broken. The target data should be analyzed for the sake of obtaining the efficiency value and the factors which affect it under the two modes. Finally, the way to solve this problem should be researched by combining the empirical results and practical situation.The thesis based on the above objectives, took the present providing situation of public transport in central city group as background. Combining integrate with practice to explore ways to improve the efficiency of supply of China’s urban public transport and providing the reference policy suggestions for the government and enterprises. This thesis is divided into seven chapters: Chapter one mainly introduce the research background, purpose and significance of research, ideas and framework of research, contributions and inadequate of the paper. Chapter two is to define and classify quasi-public goods, make analysis of the feasibility that market participate in supplying quasi-goods. And by comparing the supply situation of the government with the market, analyzing the efficiency between the respective providers. Then provide a theoretical basis for the study. Chapter three make retrospection about the development of market providing China’s urban public services and analyze the complications, exploring and conditions of it. Then summarize the problems and causes. Chapter four make a measurement between these two different modes through the empirical analysis and make a comparative analysis on the results. Chapter five is to conduct regression to the determinants that may have effects on the efficiency of supply of urban public transport through Tobit regression analysis method. Then analyze the results combined with the practical situation. Chapter six propose some China may use for reference by studying the advanced experience of London and Hongkong. By establishing the dominant role of state enterprises within the public transport, integrating private public transport enterprise, building the entire surveillance system, truly implementing the policy of “Bus priority, People priority”, developing the multi-level and humanized public transport service policies and measures to enhance the efficiency of supply of China public transport service.