Research On The Patent Behavior Of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

The report of the 19 th National Congress pointed out that China’s economy has shifted from the stage of rapid growth to the stage of high-quality development.For the high-quality development in China,continuous technological innovation is the cornerstone for achieving high-quality development.As an important strategic resource for innovation,the growth of patents also needs to shift from "rapid growth" to "high-quality growth".China has become the world’s largest patenting country.However,there is few research on Chinese enterprises’ motives to patent.On the basis of micro-innovation of Chinese manufacturing enterprises,we first measure and analyze motivations of patenting in Chinese enterprises under the international comparable framework.The number of patent applications in China has grown "explosively" since 2000.In 2011,China has become the largest country in terms of patent applications.However,the research on the Chinese patents’ growth is mostly based on the macro level,and rarely analyzed from the micro level.On the basis of micro-innovation of Chinese manufacturing enterprises,this dissertation first measures and analyzes the patent behavior 、 patent motivations and influence of Chinese Manufacturing enterprises under the international comparable framework.Firstly,based on the perspective of international comparison,this dissertation makes a comprehensive comparison from the characteristics of the patent system,macro-patent behavior and micro-enterprise patent behavior.The main conclusions are: China ’s patent system has evolved from active-learning to external-driven,and then to internal-innovation.The current patent system still needs to be promoted in terms of patent protection intensity,examination efficiency,patent implementation and use.China and the US companies are similar in the preference of using trademarks or secrets to protect innovation output,while Japanese enterprises prefer to use patents to protect innovations;China ’s patent substantive motivation is lower than developed countries,while strategic motivation for preventing patent litigation is higher than Europe and the US.Secondly,this dissertation adopts a cross-section ordinal logit regression to empirically analyze the selection mechanism of enterprise patent behavior,answering the question of whether manufacturing enterprises prefer to choose patents to protect innovation achievements,and analyze the factors of this choice.The study finds that Chinese enterprises mostly prefer trademark mechanisms to protect innovation;Chinese enterprises’ choice of innovation protection mechanisms has shifted from informal mechanisms to formal mechanisms during the past decade,especially in patent applications.This change of enterprises’ willings can explain the fact of Chinese patents boom in the micro level to some degree.Enterprises’ preference for different mechanisms is related to the size of the company,the type of innovation,and the industry.Further,through sub-sample regression,we pointed out that the enterprises with an introduction of process innovation and SMEs did not have strategic patenting behavior in 2002,but exhibited obvious strategic patenting behavior in 2014.After that,this dissertation uses the ordinal logit regression to empirically analyze the motives of patent,and then divides the motives into strategic motives and substantive motives,analyzing the factors affecting the choice of these two types of motives.The dissertation finds that:(1)Chinese manufacturing enterprises apply for patents for multiple motivations,with substantive motives in the main stage,supplemented by strategic motivations;(2)Appling for patents for different motives is related to enterprises’ size,age,entrepreneur education degree,government support and patent validity;(3)Patent validity can significantly reduce the strategic motives;(4)Government subsidies significantly reduce the strategic motivations of product innovation,but it does not affect the motivations of process innovation.Furthermore,this dissertation analyzes the results of enterprises’ patent behavior,focusing on the impact of patent behavior on the performance.It is mainly divided into two parts: first,it analyzes the impact of selection of formal and informal mechanisms on enterprises’ performance by constructing a three-stage CDM model;second,it discusses the impact of strategic motivation of innovation on the performance.Empirical results show that the adoption of informal protection mechanisms such as secrets can significantly reduce the performance of enterprises in the short term,while the adoption of formal protection mechanisms such as patents has no significant impact;the impact of patenting motivations on enterprises’ performance varies from the type of innovation.In 2002,the motivations of two type innovation did not have a significant impact on enterprises’ performance.In 2014,strategic process innovation motivations significantly reduced the enterprises’ short-term performance,while product innovation motivations significantly increased the enterprise’s short-term profits.Finally,this dissertation make several conclusions,and then put forward policy suggestions as well as future research directions.The shift from quantitative growth of patents to quality growth is not a one-time process.In terms of policy,it is essential to build a system for the coordinated development of patent quantity and quality,promote the development of enterprises with "substantial innovation",and improve innovation subsidies system.In terms of legal system,we can learn from Japan and South Korea to weaken the utility model patent system,clarify the mutual conversion mechanism between utility modeland invention patents,improve the quality and efficiency of patent examination,and enhance the efficiency and service awareness of relevant government departments.Through a series of promotions,incentiving the internal power of innovating high-quality and substantive patents,accelerating the transformation of enterprises’ patent growth from "high speed" to "high quality".The research and conclusions of this dissertation offer inspiring policy suggestions for how to safeguard the enterprises’ innovation outputs,and are of great significance for building the powerful intellectual property country.