Research On The Effect Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Employees' Counterproductive Work Behavior And Its Mechanism

Counterproductive work behaviors(CWB)can be defined as any volitional acts by employees that potentially violate the legitimate interests or do harm to an organization or its stakeholders.Its manifestations are diverse,such as absenteeism,late arrival,steal company property,personally attack or insult colleagues,spread rumors,and gang out.With the fast development of the economy and the era of big data,counterproductive work behaviors show a more concealed but more destructive behavior pattern that uses corporate resources to make illegal profits or turn a blind eye to the company's non-compliant transactions.On the one hand,counterproductive work behaviors increase organizational production and operating costs,and seriously harm corporate performance;on the other hand,counterproductive work behaviors may expose major issues such as the lack of internal and external corporate social responsibilities,so that enterprises are condemned by public opinion,and even face the risk of legal liability and bankruptcy.Therefore,counterproductive work behaviors of employees are closely related to the fate of the organization,and how to effectively restrain the behavior has become an important problem to be solved urgently.Domestic and foreign scholars' research on counterproductive work behaviors has focused more on how to cause this behavior.Existing studies have explored the influencing factors of CWB from the aspects of individuals,organizations,work,and situations,but there is no consensus on the mechanism of CWB and how to effectively suppress them.The research is scattered.At the same time,the domestic research on CWB is still in its infancy,and the research on the influencing factors and mechanism of CWB of employees in the Chinese context is still unclear.There is a lack of systematic integration of organizational factors affecting CWB.The antecedent organizational variables such as organizational performance assessment,salary management strategy,and organizational environment belong to the category of internal CSR,while CSR promotes employees' perception of a non-utilitarian organizational ethical climate,which can restrain CWB.It can be seen that taking CSR into account the organizational factors that affect CWB cannot only effectively expand and integrate the organizational antecedents of CWB,but also provide useful ideas and practical guidance for enterprises to effectively reduce employees' CWB by fulfilling their CSR.Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)is a series of policies and activities launched by a company that takes into account the expectations of stakeholders and multiple performance indicators such as social,economic,and environmental.At present,most of the research on CSR focuses on the organizational level and less on the individual level.Employees as the biggest stakeholders within the enterprise,did not get enough attention.The research on the impact of CSR on employees also mainly focuses on the research of employees' positive attitudes and behaviors,such as job satisfaction,organizational commitment,work engagement,organizational citizenship behavior,etc.,but the impact on employees' negative attitudes and extra role behaviors(such as CWB)is still very scarce,and its influence mechanism lacks in-depth and systematic analysis.Based on the shortcomings of the existing research and the actual needs,this research focuses on whether CSR has an impact on CWB,and what is the mechanism of them.Based on the Social Exchange Theory,Organizational Identity Theory,this study follows the logic of "cognition-attitude-behavior ",starting from the employee's cognition of the internal and external CSR,explores its influence on the employee's personal attitude of organizational identification,and then analyzes whether organizational identification can promote or inhibit the employees' CWBI and CWBO.This study uses literature research,situational experiment,statistical analysis methods,through the situational experiment and questionnaire survey,focusing on four issues:1.Research on the impact of CSR on CWB.This study divides CSR into two independent constructs: internal CSR and external CSR.CWB is divided into two independent constructs:CWBO and CWBI.This study deeply analyzes whether the influence of internal CSR and external CSR on CWBO and CWBI exists,whether the influence intensity is different,and whether the internal CSR and external CSR have a interactive effect on CWB.2.Research on the mediating role of organizational identification.This study analyzes how internal CSR and external CSR influence CWB by influencing the organizational identification of employees.3.Research on the moderating role of ethical ideology.This study introduces idealism and relativism of ethical ideology into the analysis model at the same time,and combines the personal trait factors that influence the CWB with the organizational situation factors to build a more comprehensive analysis framework.4.This study explored whether control variables such as gender,age,education,working hours,position,unit nature,income,industry,etc.,were significantly different in the main variables involved in this study model through independent sample T-test and variance analysis.This study first conducted a preliminary survey,collected 185 valid samples,and revised and purified each scale of the main variables of the study through analysis.After that,formal research was carried out,which included two studies:(1)Situational experimental research.The experiment controlled the level of internal and external CSR.A 2×2 inter-group situational experiment was designed,which contains four experimental groups,and 430 valid data were recovered.The research focuses on the impact of high and low levels of CSR on employees' organizational identification and CWB,and verifies the moderating role of ethical ideology.Through the situational experimental research,the main variables of the study are verified,and the causality of this study is clarified.(2)Empirical research.According to the regional and economic development level,the employees of 24 enterprises in 8 provinces were selected from the eastern,central and western regions respectively to carry out stratified sampling survey,and 528 valid questionnaires were recovered.SPSS 23.0 and Mplus 7.0 were used to analyze the data,and the main effects,mediating effects,regulatory effects,and mediating mediating effects of this study were tested separately.After data analysis,the following conclusions were reached:1.CSR has a significant negative effect on CWB.CSR is an important antecedent of CWB.By actively fulfilling internal and external CSR,employees' CWB can be effectively suppressed.2.Organizational identification plays an mediating role in the impact mechanism of CSR on CWB.Research shows that both internal CSR and external CSR have a positive impact on employee' organizational identification,while organizational identification negatively affects CWBO and CWBI.If the company cannot make employees feel respected and pride through CSR,and cannot enhance the organizational identification of employees,the suppression of CWB may not be significant.Meanwhile,the suppressing effect of organizational identification in the experiment sounded the alarm for us that if the company excessively assumes external CSR and ignores the internal CSR,it may make employees feel hypocritical and cannot establish organizational identification and lead to CWB.Therefore,enterprisesneed to pay full attention to establishing a relationship between high external CSR and high organizational identification,and take account of internal and external CSR in order to effectively restrain CWB.3.The ethical ideology of idealism and relativism moderate the relationship between organizational identification and CWBO and CWBI,thereby indirectly moderate the effect of internal and external CSR on CWB.Compared with employees with low idealism ethical ideology,the organizational identification of employees with high idealism has a stronger negative impact on their CWBO and CWBI.The higher the idealism of employees,the greater the mediating role of organizational identification between internal and external CSR and CWBO.Empirical studies can also verify that the higher the idealism,the greater the mediating role of organizational identification between internal and external CSR and CWBI,but it cannot be verified in the experimental research.Compared with employees with high relativism ethical ideology,the organizational identification of employees with low relativism ethical ideology has a stronger negative impact on their CWBO and CWBI.Empirical and experimental studies have shown that the lower the employee's ethical ideology of relativism,the greater the mediating role of organizational identification between internal and external CSR and CWBO and CWBI.The innovation of this study is:1.This research enriches the research content of Micro-CSR,analyzes the impact mechanism of internal CSR and external CSR on CWB,which is one of the negative extra role behaviors,and explores comprehensively and deeply about how employees' perceptions of internal and external CSR affect their attitudes and behaviors.It is a useful supplement to the insufficient research of Micro-CSR on employees' negative behaviors.2.This research expands the antecedent variables and mechanisms of CWB,incorporates CSR into organizational factors affecting employees' CWB,so that systematically integrate of organizational factors affecting CWB,enrich and expand the research on organizational causes of CWB.3.This study promotes the interdisciplinary combination of ethics and management,incorporates ethical ideology into the analytical framework,and makes up for the lack of ethical ideology research in moral judgment,moral decision-making,and CWB.It provides theoretical support for enterprises to reduce CWB from the perspective of employees' ethicalideology.4.This research uses a variety of research methods.It uses experimental research and survey research to measure employees' CWB,breaks through the self-report research methods which is commonly used in CWB researches,and realizes the causality inference of the main research variables.At the same time,based on the experiments,a large sample questionnaire survey is conducted to further verify and compare the similarities and differences with the experimental results,so that deepen the understanding of the research model.Finally,this research provides theoretical support for managers to value and improve corporate social responsibility,and provides useful suggestions for preventing and suppressing employees' counterproductive work behaviors from the perspective of corporate social responsibility,which requires enterprises to actively undertake CSR,strive to enhance the organizational identification of employees through various measures and actions of CSR;pay attention to ethical ideology inspection,increase moral related training,so as to select and train more employees with high idealism and low relativism,reduce CWB by raising the moral level of employees;strengthen enterprise moral construction and strive to foster a non-utilitarian organizational ethical climate,so as to curb the occurrence of CWB.The limitations of the research are pointed out,and the future research direction is prospected.