The Research On The Problems And Countermeasures Of The Construction Of Teaching Faculty In Private Colleges And Universities ——From The Perspective Of School-based Management

After more than 40 years of reform and opening up,our country’s private higher education has grown stronger.The number,the school scale,management systems,etc.have all been greatly improved.However,the construction of teaching staff in private universities is relatively lagging behind,which restricts the sustainable and healthy development of private higher education.Private universities are different from public universities in terms of school-running systems and development stages in our country.So the teaching staff in private universities have their own occupational and management characteristics.This study focuses on the problems of the construction of teaching staff in private universities,tries to sort out the connotation characteristics and management logic of private universities’ teaching staff,investigates the current situation of teaching staff management,analyzes the influencing factors and their influence of teaching staff construction,and explores the way to improving the teaching staff construction level in private universities.Specifically,the main problems of this study can be classified into three categories: First,what is the policy environment faced by the construction of teaching staff in private universities? And what are the management characteristics and identity traits in private universities that are different from those in public universities?Second,what are the bottleneck problem and its theoretical source of the teaching staff construction in private colleges? And what is the management logic to break through the development bottleneck from the school-based management standpoint?Third,how are the current situation,influencing factors and their influence of the teaching staff construction in private universities?Focusing on the problems above,this study starts from the particularity of the teaching staff construction in private universities and then use ‘what the occupational characteristics of current private universities and their teaching staff are’,‘how the management logic of the teaching staff construction is in theory’,‘how the current situation of the teaching staff construction is in practice’,‘what the influencing factors of the teaching staff construction are at the data analysis level and how to deal with them’,etc.as the logical clues to conduct this study.The specific study methods and steps are:First of all,through literature survey,this research studies the policy environment for the teaching staff construction in private universities from a macro level,sort out the change course of the policy environment faced by the development of teaching staff in private universities,studies the development trend of the number and structure of private university teaching staff in the past 20 years,and concludes the development effect,development characteristics and experience of the teaching staff construction in private universities.And,using the discipline theories such as the sociological occupational differentiation theory,rational choice theory,etc.,this study analyzes the goals of the school-based management of private university teaching staff,puts forward the position of the school-based management of private university teaching staff,and analyzes the content framework and the characteristics of the school-based management of private university teaching staff.Then,combined with the school-based management concept and using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory,this study determines the basic dimensions of the questionnaire,and designs a questionnaire that reflects the influencing factors of the teaching staff construction in private universities.Through questionnaires and interviews,this study examines the current situation of the teaching staff construction in our country’s private universities,and analyzes the existing problems in the management of teaching staff in private universities.And then,quantitative analysis of the questionnaire data was carried out.This study uses factor analysis method to conclude the influencing factors of teaching staff construction in private universities,and analyze the relationship between each influencing factor.This study also uses regression analysis method to demonstrate the magnitude of the influence between variables,and construct an influencing factor model.This study also uses cluster analysis method to count the existing teaching groups in private universities,and verify the influence of different influencing factors on them.Through data analysis,the study hypotheses are proved.Through the steps above,this study draws the following conclusions:First,In the past 20 years,the external policy environment for the teaching staff construction in private universities has basically been established,and the number of teachers can basically meet the development needs.However,the unbalanced structure of full-time teaching staff is the key problem restricting the development of private universities.Second,academic aspirations are the pursuit of the value of teaching staff management in private universities.The teaching staff in private universities are also academic profession,which stimulates their enthusiasm for ‘academic aspirations’ and is in line with teachers’ professional pursuits,national policy requirements and social needs.And it can achieve the same value of public university teachers.Third,the construction of teaching staff in private universities involves many value subjects and interest subjects,and is a complex and specific educational practice process.In order to retain and attract more outstanding teachers in private universities,more advanced management methods are needed to reverse the pattern of benefit distribution and achieve a relatively balanced state.School-based management theory is helpful for private universities to achieve dynamic balance.To achieve the stable and sustained development in the coordination of multiple interests is the main goal of the teaching staff construction in private universities,and the service from teacher introduction to evaluation is the content framework of the school-based management of teaching staff in private universities.Fourth,the current overall situation of the development of teaching staff in private universities is just common,which cannot meet the needs of teachers’ income and other material assurance,but can basically meet the needs of teachers in terms of occupational safety.‘The promotion of professional title’ and ‘the improvement of teaching level’ are the main development goal of teachers and their main source of work pressure as well.The teachers in private universities have a contractual relationship with their schools,but they have a high sense of belonging and dependence on schools,which is the empirical evidence of emotional retention and career retention in private universities.Private universities still have the traditional‘external control’ management characteristics in the management of the teaching staff,and still cannot be based on the development of teachers,which fully proves the necessity of implementing school-based management and clarifies the key points of school-based management reform.Fifth,using the quantitative research factor analysis method,this study shows that the teaching staff construction in private universities is affected by five factors,such as fair competition,humanistic care,material assurance,job competence,occupational safety and so on.From the results of regression analysis,the influencing factors that promote the construction of teaching staff in private universities are mainly those closely related to the teaching post itself,and have little correlation with the individual attributes,natural attributes and social attributes of teachers themselves.Cluster analysis shows that teachers in private universities can be divided into four categories,such as career stagnation type,career confusion type,career struggling type,career stability type and so on.Sixth,based on the differences in the influencing mechanisms and problems of factors,it is recommended that private universities should design the operating mechanism of school-based management of teaching staff based on five types of influencing factors.That is,‘fair competition’ is the system design of management;‘humanistic care’ is the value orientation of management;‘material assurance’ is the control tool of management;‘post competency’ is the requirements standard of management;‘occupational safety’ is the screening mechanism of management.Considering the above analysis and conclusions,this study puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions for the improvement of the level of teaching staff in private universities:First,in terms of private universities,optimizing strategies are put forward from the four content frameworks of school-based management of teaching staff,including teachers’ introduction,use,training,evaluation and so on.In the introduction of teachers,private universities should redefine a streamlined and efficient institution setting and a scientific and reasonable post establishment,and should establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for diverse teaching staff.In terms of teacher use,private universities should especially establish a classified teacher post management system,actively guide teachers to participate in school management and strengthen humanistic care.In terms of teacher training,private universities should emphasize the rational allocation of resources,strengthen the training of young core teachers,guide teachers to carry out the research on ‘teaching science’,and guide teachers to develop respectively.In terms of teacher evaluation,it is necessary to go beyond the concepts of performance and reform the policy of professional title promotion to highlight fairness.And it is also necessary to adopt more guiding and developmental assessment and incentive mechanisms to help teachers to get through the ‘bottleneck period’ of professional development.Second,in terms of teachers themselves,teachers in private universities must continuously improve their academic professional consciousness,recognize the essence of the academic profession,the mission of teaching and educating people and their own responsibility for talent training.They must also constantly improve their professional confidence in private universities,strengthen the cognition of public and private universities,change the understanding of private universities,and actively participate in the school management.And they must also constantly plan personal career development,improve personal on-the-job academic qualifications,establish the scientific research goal of taking root in the front line of teaching,and carrying out teaching and academic research.Third,in terms of government departments,it is necessary to further maintain the autonomy of private universities in running schools,improve the rights protection and incentive mechanism of teachers in private universities,implement the income guarantee mechanism for teachers in private universities and the security system for teacher’s honor,solve the identity problems such as the inconsistency of retirement benefits for teachers in private universities,strengthen the guidance on the professional title promotion policy of teachers in private universities,and set policies to support the development of teaching staff in private universities.All in all,this study innovatively found the characteristics and trends of the development of the teaching staff in private universities,put forward the value pursuit and goal principles of the school-based management of the teaching staff,designed a questionnaire driven by theory to carry out a quantitative research,and found the influencing factors of the teaching staff construction in private universities and their interrelationships.