Research On The Induction,Evolution And Governance Of Internet Public Opinions On Sports Tourism Crisis Events

With the rapid development of China's sports tourism industry,sports tourism crisis events have also shown a trend of frequent occurrences.Such crisis events unveiled by litigants,netizens,or medias,spread quickly through online media and self-media on the Internet,they are easy to evolve into the online public opinion of sports tourism crisis events.This article takes the network public opinion of sports tourism crisis event as the research object,based on the theoretical basis of crisis management theory,governance theory,life cycle theory,agenda setting theory,system theory,comprehensive application of documentary method,content analysis method,case analysis method,and trend analysis methods,systematically study the core content of the evolution law,influential effects and governance of network public opinion of the sports tourism crisis event.Its theoretical contribution lies in the formation of a theoretical system about research on network public opinion of sports tourism crisis event,which will help to deal with the network public opinion of sports tourism crisis event,guarantee the sustainable development of sports tourism and provide practical reference.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The rapid development of sports tourism has led to an increase in the risk of crisis events occurrences.The sports tourism crisis events have shown trends that occurrences are triggered by the integration of environmental factors and individual factors,event occurrence spots spread from limited locality to wide-area,and the occurrence time of crisis event varies from centralization to decentralization.Sports tourism crisis events can easily evolve into online public opinion on the Internet.The online public opinion of sports tourism crisis events is composed of four major elements: object,subject,ontology and carrier.It presents characteristics of subject diversity and communization,object destructiveness and complexity,ontology concealment and disorder,and carrier interaction and interaction.It shows the evolutionary trend of rational expression of netizens,decentralization of public opinion information,and the integration of media.It has the many functions,such as demand-oriented function,early warning function of sports tourism crisis,the netizen,s public opinion dependence function and the multi-stakeholder behavior supervision function.(2)The sports tourism system is composed of the tourist source demand system,the destination reception system,the channel system and the support guarantee system.The sudden change of the sports tourism subsystem,the weakening synergy of subsystems,the impact of external environmental changes and other reasons can lead to the overall disorder of the system.When the disorder entropy value exceeds the critical point,the system will collapse and cause a crisis event.After the crisis event finish its bit transcription on the internet,Under the combined effect of factors such as event attributes,online expression platforms,netizens' psychological behavior,lack of government and enterprise regulation,and media attention focus,it is easy to ferment and evolve into online public opinion,and then form an online public opinion system for sports tourism crisis events.The signs of the emergence of online public opinion of sports tourism crisis events and the initial formation of the online public opinion system are following: Sports tourism crisis events have completed the bit-based transcription from the event spot to the Internet field,stakeholders such as netizens,media,opinion leaders,and governments have begun to devote a large number of attention to the crisis event,and the information flow of network public opinion of sports tourism crisis events presents a specific flow pattern.(3)The evolution of online public opinion about sports tourism crisis event has the characteristics of time-series dynamics,multidimensionality,leaps and bounds,derivation,feedback,and uncertainty.It is affected by the subject subsystem,carrier subsystem,and object subsystem of the network public opinion system.The external macro environment indirectly promotes the evolution of online public opinion through the intermediary forces of subject factors,carrier factors,and object factors.The internal driving force of the evolution of online public opinion about sports tourism crisis event includes the impact force of the event and the traction of the litigants.The external driving force is composed of the attention of netizens,the attention of the media,the power of government regulation,the mobilization of opinion leaders,and the proliferation of online platforms.The main evolution power of online public opinion in the early stage is the internal power,and the later evolution is affected by the coupling and interaction of internal and external power.Under the combined effect of netizens' attention,media attention,government regulation,mobilization of opinion leaders,traction of the litigants,impact of events,and proliferation of public or personal online platforms,the online public opinion of sports tourism crisis events will experience its lifecycle of brewing,erupting,maturation and recession.In different stages,the evolutionary powers of online public opinion about sports tourism crisis events are different in intensity,resulting in a heterogeneous evolutionary law in each life cycle stage.(4)The online public opinion of sports tourism crisis events presents a multi-dimensional influence pattern of macro,meso,and micro.The macroscopic impact is mainly manifested in aspects such as national image,international sports event hosting,macro policy and institutional change.Mesoscopic influence is mainly manifested in the influence of demand for the sports tourism industry,the supply of the sports tourism industry,the regional competition pattern of sports tourism industry,the sports tourism market size,and the evolution of life cycle of sports tourism industry.The micro-impact is mainly the impact on sports tourists,sports tourism companies,sports tourism practitioners,sports tourism destinations,netizens,media and other subjects.There are spatial spillovers and industry spillover effects in the impact of online public opinion of sports tourism crisis events.The spatial spillover effects result in the influence on destinations with geographic spatial affiliation,homogenous sports tourism destinations,and the place where the homogenous tourism crisis event occurs.The industry spillover effects result in the influence on destination sports industry,tourism industry and other industries,and which is manifested in affecting the development of manufacturing and service industries through damage to the city's image.The online public opinion of sports tourism crisis events has a fusion effect on offline and online,its influence field shows the law of diffusion from crisis event spots to sports tourism destinations,and then to spatial related and industry-related tourism destinations.In each life cycle stage,the volume of the "public opinion sphere" of the online public opinion of sports tourism crisis events changes dynamically,which reveals the degree of public opinion enthusiasm,and then produces an unbalanced intensity of influence on the macro,meso,and micro levels.(5)Based on the theory of collaborative governance,taking into account the differences in paths and strategies in the management of sports tourism crisis events in different life cycle stages,different levels of development,different governance entities,and different governance methods,a theoretical paradigm of collaborative differentiation governance is proposed.It is recommended to establish a network public opinion governance security system for sports tourism crisis events based on institutional security,taking organizational security as the core,and resource security as the support factor.At the same time,a integrated mechanism covering prevention and emergency preparedness mechanism,monitoring and early warning mechanism,emergency response mechanisms,recovery and reconstruction mechanism should be established.Based on the procedural differences in the life cycle of the evolution of online public opinion,a collaborative differentiation time-sharing governance path and strategy is proposed.Based on the difference in the development intensity of network public opinion,the network public opinion is divided into three levels: minor level,warning level,and severe level,and it proposes collaborative hierarchical governance paths and strategies for different levels.Starting from the government,media,community residents,opinion leaders,sports companies and tourism companies,sports communities,etc.,the path of coordinated and sub-subject governance is proposed.Based on the rigid and flexible differences in governance methods,the collaborative and method differentiation governance is proposed.Rigid governance methods cover the construction of public opinion control laws and institution,and improving technical governance capabilities,while flexible governance methods focus on shaping public opinion governance concepts and cultivating industry risk culture sports tourism,the introduction of social force in management and control,and the construction of network ethics.The coupling and interaction of flexible governance and rigid governance under collaborative differentiation governance,can improve the governance level of online public opinion on sports tourism crisis events,which is helpful to promote the improvement of the sports tourism industry ecology and sustainable development of sports tourism destination.