| How to allocate power to food safety supervision and achieve scientific,coordinated and effective governance of food safety supervision is the concrete embodiment of implementing the "four strictest requirements" put forward by Comrade Xi Jinping and constantly improving the people’s satisfaction,happiness and security of food safety.Centering on the core issue of "allocation of government power in food safety supervision",this paper explores the internal logic of government supervision power from the perspective of three-dimensional integration of space,time and system in the allocation of government supervision power,and proposes a path of scientific optimization and systematic improvement for practical problems.This article follows the "four most strict" requirements,based on the theory of cooperative governance and inter-departmental cooperation,adopts the comparative institutional analysis,theory of domain select multiple levels of the government regulatory controls with a broad range of management of typical countries as a reference,this paper compares and analyzes analyzes the construction and evolution of power behind the system configuration and compared under the different system,food safety,the government regulatory powers in a particular historical period,how to implement regulatory powers configuration utility maximization.At the same time,has analyzed our country food safety regulation power configuration,the development of different historical period,the government power configuration of controversy and challenges,the government regulatory measures taken and reflect the characteristics of the power configuration,from space dimension and time dimension,system reform dimension three-dimensional integrated point of view,combined with China’s national conditions,puts forward the government food regulation power configuration of the construction of collaborative governance path.The first part of this paper introduces the research background,including food safety supervision,government power allocation,collaborative governance and other related theories and institutional framework,to lay a theoretical foundation for the follow-up research.The second part answers China’s food safety regulation,the realistic allocation of regulatory power in different historical periods,and the internal logic of the exercise of regulatory power.From three dimensions of space,time and system,this paper explains the basic overview of government power allocation in food safety supervision in different historical periods,problems existing in supervision,reform measures adopted,and reform characteristics of government power allocation.Based on this,this paper summarizes and extracts the historical problems existing in the reform practice of government power allocation of food safety supervision in China.At the same time,from the perspective of government-to-government relations,this paper analyzes the vertical and horizontal power allocation of food safety governments,studies the internal links in their structural transformation,and lays a foundation for comprehensively deepening the reform of food safety and realizing the continuous deepening of government coordinated governance.On the basis of relevant theories such as collaborative governance,the second question isanswered,namely,what factors lead to the change of food safety regulatory authority? From the three dimensions of space,time and system,this paper explains that the government supervision power is administrated and the department division is highly centralized.Due to the high expansion of social order,the administrative division of the government power is highly centralized,showing the phenomenon that the specific supervision is increasingly localized and the abstract supervision is increasingly centralized.This section analysis,guided by the collaborative governance theory core connotation,inter-departmental cooperation theory and government coordination theory as the support,from the government failure,market failure,lack of social supervision three levels,this paper food safety government regulation power configuration,on the spatial dimension,because the inter-departmental benefit between food safety regulatory responsibilities equilibrium problems,cause "offside" power,need to be further optimized by collaborative governance promote food regulatory government power configuration;In time dimension due to regulatory power and responsibility is not clear,administrative barriers and regulatory omission leads to the absence of "power",will influence directly on the harm of food safety incident occurs,the government can rapid response,rapid action,fast action will harm the food safety event handling in the bud,reflecting the government’s emergency and cooperative ability as a whole.Therefore,in order to highlight "one step earlier" and "one step faster" in the time dimension,we must rely on the system for guarantee and inter-departmental coordination and cooperation in the spatial dimension.In the institutional dimension,the alienation of power in supervision,malfeasance in the supervision process,and violation of rules and regulations in supervision lead to "power dislocation",which is likely to lead to collusion between government and enterprise,corruption in supervision and other problems.The super-ministries reform are analyzed in the third part,the background,the controversy and challenges facing China’s food safety,as well as through the selected domain,using the experience of domestic and international food safety government regulation power configuration,according to the requirements of "the four most strict" analysis,combined with the reality of our country,the inductive extract is beneficial to our country government coordinated management of food safety regulatory system.Spatial dimension reform to solve the problem of external hard boundary and inter-departmental collaborative governance and who is in charge when problems arise;Time dimension reform,solve the internal framework foundation to reduce the risk of food hazards,achieve early detection,early identification,quick disposal problems;The institutional dimension reform aims to solve the systematic,systematic and complete problems of the inter-unit consultation mechanism,thus forming an institutional system with the food safety Law as the main body and the systematic and complete coordination and complementation of all relevant administrative regulations and management methods.Through the research,this paper strives to make efforts in the following aspects,and the research conclusions are as follows:First,in order to "offside power",we should solve the problem of "multiple political channels" and mutual coordination among different departments.By strengthening the food supervision of the central government,the overall supervision of the whole country from topto bottom will be established,so as to realize the rapid response and disposal of food safety incidents.As a result,the flexible dispatching function of the supervision authority of the central government is brought into play,so as to realize the implementation and implementation of the "spirit of the Central Government" with great emphasis.Meanwhile,the practice of innovative supervision is carried out by local governments according to local conditions and combined with local realities.As the central government also shoulders the role of multiple governance in global food regulatory risk governance.By giving full play to the influence of the central government and multinational food enterprises on the international stage and participating in the formulation of food safety governance regulations in international affairs,we can actively participate and take active actions to bridge the cultural understanding gap between China and the West in the field of food supervision and enhance the right of discourse and dominance in international food supervision.In addition,a crossdepartmental food safety coordination mechanism and governance mechanism should be built to realize collaborative governance of food supervision through responsibility sharing,communication and consultation among departments and collaborative governance operation.Secondly,in view of regulatory power and responsibility is not clear,administrative barriers and regulatory omission leads to the absence of "power",and solve the harm brought about by the food safety risk,the need to establish a food safety early warning monitoring mechanism,implementation does not meet the food safety standards of early detection,early warning and improve the ability of scientific prevention and control at the same time,achieve rapid response,to realize the quick disposal.The construction of an open and transparent information communication system should not only form the daily inspection announcement system,but also highlight the occurrence of food hazards,so that the public can timely know the facts,eliminate social public psychological panic,effectively participate in the active response to food risks,and gradually guide the public to participate in food safety governance awareness and power.From the perspective of collaborative governance,a power supervision mechanism of collaborative governance should be established to supervise the supervision before,during and after the supervision,so as to mobilize the forces of all sectors of society to actively participate in it.At the same time,in the dimension of time,the emphasis of power exercise should be placed on the prevention of food safety risks.Only by controlling the risk points can we control them from the source and ensure the effectiveness of safe food production.Risk prevention should highlight its independence,transparency and the open way adopted in the whole process to realize the supervision of the process.So as to ensure the scientific nature and nature of food safety risk prevention.Third,regarding the alienation of power in supervision,malfeasance in supervision process,and "power dislocation" caused by violations of rules and regulations in supervision,problems such as collusion between government and enterprises and corruption in supervision arise.From the institutional dimension,it carefully sorted out and proposed to solve the problem of the food Safety Law and the issuance of relevant management measures and detailed rules between various regulatory departments,so as to form a systematic,complete,coordinated,complementary and cohesive institutional system.Through collaborative governance-oriented government remodeling,a service-oriented government with mutualcooperation is constructed to promote the qualitative change of government governance concept of food safety supervision.Fourth,this paper believes that food safety is a major issue concerning the overall political,economic and social development.Coordinated food safety governance is,in the final analysis,a matter of strengthening the party’s leadership and the modernization of China’s governance system and governance capacity.Therefore,the issue of government food safety supervision should be raised to the level of national governance system and governance capacity construction,strengthen the unified leadership of the Party over all work,give play to the leading role of the Party,and form a joint supervision force.At the same time,the food safety big data standard system with Chinese characteristics should be established as a national management system to break through the data chain of government crossdepartmental monitoring,realize the integration of the whole chain of data association,and realize the order of daily supervision and the scientific system of responding to emergencies.In terms of improving the system and mechanism,it is suggested to improve the food recall system and establish a mechanism that can be traced back to each other from production to sales,so as to ensure "people-centered" and lay a solid foundation for the realization of "healthy China" and the healthy development of food enterprises. |
