| Cleanliness,tranquility,green water and hills----a pleasant environment is the common aspiration of mankind and the basic requirements of sustainable development.At present,the world has entered a stage of rapid urbanization.Changing the mode of development,improving people’s living standards,and promoting the quality of living environment and standards in certain regions have become the new direction for regional development.It is also a matter of widespread concern in the international community.Strengthening the study of the living environment,analyzing the rules and existing problems of the spatial differentiation of human settlement environment in regions,and creating a good living environment are not only the demands of discipline development but also the requirements of social development.Based on the systematic review of the research on human settlements at home and abroad,and on the diversified data of Zhejiang Province’s First Geographic National Conditions Investigation Data,DMSP/OLS Data and questionnaire surveys,this paper takes the whole Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou City,Xianju Township as examples,and employs the methods of GIS spatial analysis,mathematical statistics,comparative analysis and structural equation modeling,combines the objective environment supply with the perception of subjective environment,incorporates macro-overall environment with typical areas,integrates mechanism modeling and cause analysis,so as to systematically study the spatial heterogeneity of human settlements suitability in Zhejiang Province,the characteristics of human settlements satisfaction and their formation mechanism.First of all,through the induction and summarization of the existing research results,the two major topics of this paper,namely,the suitability and satisfaction of human settlements,have been identified and their conceptions and connotations have been defined and analyzed.On the basis of this,we designed a comprehensive integration method of human settlements environment suitability and a subjective evaluation method of human settlements environment satisfaction.Secondly,we analyzed the spatial differentiation of the three core components of human settlements environment suitability and adopted the evaluation method of value.As the resident’s response to the living environment(factor preference)was set as the external benchmark,this paper studies the comprehensive integration of the human settlements’ environmental suitability under different modes and explores the spatial coupling relationship between the human settlements suitability and population distribution under different preference patterns.Thirdly,this paper analyzed and evaluated the satisfaction characteristics of human settlements in different dimensions,different socio-economic attributes and different resident groups under the urban and rural conditions,and makes a comparative analysis of the structural equation models of human settlements satisfaction.This paper also analyzed and evaluated the characteristics of living area satisfaction degree of residents in different levels,social economical features and class groups under rural and urban circumstances,and does comparative analysis of impact mechanism of settlement satisfaction and living fluidity;and finally,with related findings,this paper puts forward suggestions from the overall view of optimizing living environment and improve the suitability of the constituent elements of different living environment.The conclusions of this paper can be summarized as the following six points:(1)Suitability of human settlements mainly consists of three dimensions:ecological environment superiority,economic development vigor and public service convenience.The superiority of eco-environment in Zhejiang Province shows a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast,from hills to hills,valleys and plains,and has a strong negative correlation with population density and economic density.The dynamic pattern of economic development presents the dual difference characteristics with the administrative hierarchy as the main factor and the spatial aggregation as the supplement.It shows as "sub-provincial city urban area----general prefecture----level city area----county(city,prefecture district and city)".In spatial correlation and agglomeration,the differences are mainly clustered areas and hotspots of high-value clusters formed by Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou and Hangzhou Bay in the northeast of Zhejiang Province and "Quzhou-Lishui-Wenzhou" and central Taizhou counties formed two low-value cluster continuous area and the main cold area.The convenience of public service gradually decreases from east to west and gradually decreases from north to south,and shows the characteristics of significant agglomeration and distribution.The higher regions are concentrated in the northeast,which form the core area ofthe spatial pattern of public service facilities in Zhejiang.The lower level areas are concentrated in the central and western mountains,which form the periphery of the distribution pattern of public service facilities in Zhejiang.(2)Under the preference pattern of ecological environment,the suitability of human settlements in Zhejiang Province generally decreases from the south to the north.The distribution of population density is not consistent with the suitability of human settlements.Most of the population is distributed in the lower habitability livability index regions,and there is no obvious response to population suitability of population distribution.In the mode of economic development preference,the human settlements environment suitability is higher in the northeast than in the southwest,while the coastal areas are higher than the inland areas,and the regional differentiation is obvious.There is strong spatial consistency between population distribution and economic development level.There is a clear response to environmental suitability.In the mode of public service preference,the suitability of human settlements presents the basic pattern that the northeast is better than the southwest,the coastal areas are better than the inland areas and the plain areas are higher than the mountainous areas,and most of the population is distributed in the habitability environment in the higher regions,population distribution has a significant response to the human settlements environmental suitability,and the two have maintained a high degree of consistency.(3)Satisfaction of living environment not only has the difference between urban and rural areas,but also has the different social and economic attributes.The overall satisfaction of residents’ living environment in Hangzhou urban area and Xianju rural area was just in common level,but the township area was slightly higher than that in urban area.The residents in urban area were more satisfied with the two dimensions of community safety and public service facilities level,while the comments on living conditions was the lowest;township residents are more satisfied with the natural environment dimension,while their public service and infrastructure facilities are less valued.Residents of different age groups have shown a wave of changes in satisfaction with the living environment,but the urban-rural fluctuation trend is generally opposite in the age range;the evaluation of the satisfaction with the living environment of urban residents with different income levels is inverted U-shaped,and the increase of income showed a continuous upward trend.The satisfaction of residents’ living environment in urban areas and townships both increased with the promotion of academic qualifications and decreased with the increase of family members.The satisfaction of residential environment with the satisfaction of urban living environment has a strong positive impact,but has a strong negative impact on rural living environment.The satisfaction rate of the ordinary civilians in urban areas was the highest,while that of the high-income groups was relatively low,and that of the young migrant workers and low-income groups was even lower.However,the satisfaction of different groups in the townships and towns was significantly different.Habitat satisfaction of the high-income groups is the highest,followed by young middle-class and low-income groups,and the lowest satisfaction is among low-income groups.(4)Perceiving variables of six dimensions:natural environmental conditions,comfort of human environment,convenience of living,residential health,housing conditions and community safety,together constitute the antecedent variables of satisfaction of residential environment in urban area of Hangzhou.In addition to community safety,the other five antecedents have a significant positive impact on the satisfaction of the living environment,and the impact effect shows a decreasing trend of housing conditions>cultural environment>residential health>natural environmental conditions>life convenience.At the same time,the satisfaction of human settlements has a significant effect on the residents’ migration intentions,and the impact on settlement intentions is more significant than that on the migration intentions.Natural environment conditions,cultural environment,housing conditions,infrastructure level and public service level,all together constitute the antecedent variables of satisfaction of residential environment in Xianju Township.In addition to the natural environment conditions,the other four antecedents satisfaction of the living environment has a significant positive impact.The impact of the public service level showed a trend of housing conditions>cultural environment>infrastructure conditions as a declining trend.At the same time,the level of satisfaction also has an important consequence effect on residents’ liquidity intentions.However,the absolute value of effect on relocation intention is greater than that on settlement intention.(5)Among the 6 perceiving dimensions of residential environment in Hangzhou urban residents,the living convenience,health and the perception of natural environment showed a significant negative correlation with their intention to move,and the perception of housing conditions and residents’ relocation intention showed a downward trend as the characteristics of "U",the sense of comfort of human environment and the intention of relocation show an inverse "N" type,while the intention of relocation has a small change with the improvement of community safety awareness.In addition to perceived community safety,the remaining five factors have a significant negative impact on the liquidity intentions of urban residents in Hangzhou,and the intensity of impact shows convenience of living>housing conditions>residential health>cultural environment>diminishing natural environmental conditions as a trend.In five senses of living environment of Xianju township residents,residents’ housing conditions,natural environment conditions and comfort perception of human environment have obvious negative correlation with their relocation intention.Residents’ public service level perception and residents’relocation intention show "V" feature.Residents’ relocation intention has little response to the perception of natural environmental conditions,and no obvious change rule has been shown.In addition to the perception of natural environment conditions,the other four factors have a significant negative impact on the migration intentions of Xianju township residents,and the intensity of influence shows a declining tendency of housing conditions>public service level>infrastructure conditions>cultural environmental.(6)The author’s opinion is that according to the existing human settlements environment in Zhejiang Province,we should adhere to the principles of putting people first,green development,common development and innovation development,rationally allocate the functions of each system in the living environment and promote the optimization and perfection of human settlements,focusing on the elements of key issues that are most concerned about by urban and rural residents and are most urgently to solve,and strive to establish a beautiful,harmonious,healthy,prosperous and livable Zhejiang Province as soon as possible. |
