The Fracture Of Credit And Its Response:A Research On The Disputes Over The Rotating Saving And Credit Association Between Beijing-tianjin Region During The Republic Of China

The Rotating Saving and Credit Association is an traditional non-governmental financial organization in China,which has a long history and is widely popular in many areas of the country.Since the Republic of China,due to the complicated changes of political,economic,social,cultural and other factors,the Rotating Saving and Credit Association in various regions have frequently had disputes.As a common civil problem,disputes not only seriously destroy the capital turnover and circulation of the Rotating Saving and Credit Association,but also cause their operation stagnation or disintegration.Moreover,it may also affect the livelihood of the middle and lower classes,thus causing instability of the financial market and social order.According to historical records,there are different types of the Rotating Saving and Credit Association prevailed in Beijing and Tianjin in the late Qing Dynasty,it becomes a very popular form of credit cooperation in the local folk financial system.In the Republic of China,a series of disputes broke out in the the Rotating Saving and Credit Association in Beijing and Tianjin in the 1920 s,and the situation continued until the 1940 s.Studies have shown that the local disputes over the Rotating Saving and Credit Association can be divided into different types according to the organizers’ arrears of payment,participants’ failure to pay membership dues in accordance with regulations,organizers’ deliberate fraud or illegal profit.On the basis of further analysis,the internal causes of disputes include the concentration of organizers’ responsibilities,the increase of participants,the change of organizing motives and the imperfection of risk avoidance mechanism,the external causes involve the change of local administration,the intensification of rural crisis,the absence of official control and the special relationship between local the Rotating Saving and Credit Association.Under the combined action of internal and external incentives,the credit crisis faced by the Beijing-Tianjin Regional the Rotating Saving and Credit Association in the Period of the Republic of China was precipitated.Because the Rotating Saving and Credit Association are mainly popular in the middle and lower classes,the victims of disputes are mostly middle and lower classes.During the Period of the Republic of China,the victims of disputes over the Rotating Saving and Credit Association in Beijing and Tianjin region mainly included farmers,laborers,businessmen and housewives.In the case of huge property losses,the victims from the civil society not only choose to ask the organizers to assume full responsibility and self-mediation to save themselves,but also use petition and file a civil lawsuit to safeguard their rights and interests.These ways not only helped some dispute cases to be properly resolved,but also fully attracted the attention of local media and the intervention of official forces.As the manager of grassroots society,local government and the judiciary undertakes the responsibility of promoting economic development and maintaining social stability.In the Period of the Republic of China,the local governmentsand and the judiciary of Beijing and Tianjin took the initiative to intervene in the settlement of such civil problems in the face of the adverse effects of disputes over the Rotating Saving and Credit Association,the complaints of victims and the appeals of the media,and take the initiative to accept the case or receive petitioners,send personnel to investigate the case,summon or detain relevant personnel,the implementation of official mediation,trial according to law and compulsory enforcement,and other measures to try to seek a successful conclusion of disputes over the Rotating Saving and Credit Association.Under his unremitting efforts,the unfavorable situation caused by the disputes over the Rotating Saving and Credit Association was controlled and some contradictions were resolved to the maximum extent;however,due to the complexity of individual cases,the economic losses caused by the victims may be difficult to avoid.Compared with other regions in the same historical period,the disputes over the Rotating Saving and Credit Association in Beijing and Tianjin show certain similarities in many aspects,such as types,inducing causes,variation trend of the amount involved and victim identity,At the same time,there are some differences in the types of the Rotating Saving and Credit Association,time,influence and guarantee system Settings.Under the action of disputes,the the Rotating Saving and Credit Association in Beijing and Tianjin region tended to decline gradually due to the fracture of credit,the victims of civil society expanded the way to safeguard their own rights and interests,and the measures of local governments and the judiciary to deal with such civil disputes were more diversified.Through the historical facts of disputes over the Rotating Saving and Credit Association between Beijing and Tianjin region,it is revealed that people should pay attention to the legislation of folk finance,the inheritance of Traditional Chinese culture,the learning and reference of foreign civilization,and the contemporary rural revitalization.Generally speaking,taking the disputes between Beijing and Tianjin during the Republic of China as an example,it not only fully reveals the relationship between the credit fracture and the decline of the Rotating Saving and Credit Association of China,but also powerfully interprets the evolution of the Rotating Saving and Credit Association’s dispute response mechanism;but also it can further explain the evolution of "financial function" and "financial innovation" involved in the Rotating Saving and Credit Association of China,so it proves that we should strengthen the development and utilization of the Rotating Saving and Credit Association to make them serve the contemporary society more effectively.