Students Movement And Destiny Of The Country-Further Study On The May Twentieth Movement

May twentieth movement was the "No Hunger,No Civil War,No persecution"themed student movement happened in Nanjing,the capital of Kuomintang in May,1947.The movement lasted for more than one month,affected more than 60 cities across the country,severely shook the ruling base of the Kuomintang,so it was the most important student movement during period of the liberation war.In the revolutionary history of the Chinese Communist Party,May Twentieth Movement,May Fourth Movement and January Twenty-ninth Movement were named the three tides of patriotic and democratic student movements.As the mark of the formation of the second front in Kuomingtang ruling districts during the period of liberation war,it tied down the strength of Kuomintang,strongly assisted the military fight of People’s Liberation Army and provided a large number of cadres for the liberation war and cities taking-over work.But for Kuomintang,May twentieth movement was the riot incited and planned by CPC,because it greatly harmed the KMT regime.Since modern times,the development of education enabled the students to gradually become an important force on domestic political stage.The student movement played an important role at every turning point of the history,while,May twentieth Movement broke out at the turning point of struggle between the KMT and the Communists.Therefore,the special study of May twentieth Movement can not ony enable us to more comprehensively and objectively evaluate its function in the development of modern history,but also enable us to discover the laws and characteristic of the student movements,as well as the gains and losses of the kuomintang and the communist party of china’s polices about student movement,so that we can better summarize the history and of revelate the future.This paper tried to clearly sort out the whole developing process of the May twentieth movement in Nanning,Shanghai,Suzhou,Hangzhou region on the basis of comprehensive literature,focused on the reason of the movement and the guidance and respond of the two parties.Then analyzed the occurance,development and actual effect of the movement occurs,then drew my own conclusions.This paper was divided into four chapters,the first section of chapter one is to explore the background of the May twentieth Movement,the time the policies of American and Soviet made toward China under the Yalta system had a great impact on China,and in China,the dangerious confrontation between the Communist Party and Kuomingtang had been formed;A series of student movements after the war had ideological,organizational connection with May twentieth movementi,so they can be seen as a continuous process;Of them,Kunming "Jan·twenty-first" movement was the first domestic large-scale student movement after the war,its theme was "Fighting for democracy and against civil war";The subsequent "Feb·twenty-second" anti-Soviet big parade and rebelion were with nationalist hue,they required to safeguard the national sovereignty,required the Soviet Union and the United States to withdraw their troops from China,they also opposed the civil war.Section Ⅱ analyzed the serious effect of inflation in Kuomintang-controlled areas after war on people’s lives,under such background,the professors of the Central University issued a declaration of improving educational conditions,and the students of the Central University launched the eating movement to response to it,which caused the May twentieth movement.The second chapter described the situation of May twentieth movement,the Central University,University of Nanjing and other colleges and universities in Nanjing launched petitions and marches,they required to increse the non-staple food fees,improve the educational environment;and Yingshih University and Jiaotong University in Shanghai-Hangzhou area respectively lanuched the school-moving movement and school-protecting movement,organized people to go to Beijing for petitions;Besides,the other schools also launched the fight to against the counter-examinations,against the general examination,and achieve pharmaceutical reform.The third chapter sorted out the situation of May twentieth movement and the aftermath.On May 20th,No Hunger,No civil war parade happened in Nanjing,Beijing and Tianjin,massacre against the students took place in Nanjing.After May twentieth murder,the schools,community organizations and people around the country expressed the support for the students in Nanjing,condemned the government’s atrocities;National Federation came into being in this context.The fourth chapter is the conclusion.A number of student movements happened after May twentieth movement,such as the student-aid movement,Yu Sanzi event and Tongji"Jan·twenty-ninth" events,these movements can be seen as the aftermath of May twentieth movement.In the summary of May twentieth movement,I first analyzed the occurrence of the the movement from three aspects,state,schools,students,showed that the movement developed from the different requirements f the schools to saving th eeducation crisis,while the loss of the students’ vital interests was the common reason of the movement occurrance in the early period;when analyzing the occurance of the movement according to "student movement" theory,economic factors,social factors instead of the political factors were easily ignored,students’ initiative instead of their passivity were easily ignored.In the process of analyzing the function of the two parties’ policies about the student movements,I compared them from three aspects,organization,publicity and movement,and believed that the mature use of student movements handled by CPC and the wrong suppression policy of the Kuomingtang both promoted the development of the movement.As for the impact of the movement,beside the two old conclusions:the student movement tied down the KMT forces,assisted the military fight of Communist Party and reserved a lage number of cardes for the CPC,we put forward the huge impact of student publicity and bloody result of KMT repression,which prompted a large number of intermediate masses and students turn to the CPC due to the disappointment to KMT,while support from the people plays a key role for the result of country struggle.In the rethink of the movement,first,through the analysis of Zhu Jiahua’s responsibility in Yingshih University movement and Jiaotong University movement,the relationship of error of the Ministry of Education on education demobilization policies and the cause of the student movements,i found that Zhu Jiahua and the Ministry of Education had an inescapable responsibility for May twentieth movement.Then,after sorting out the the origin,content and function of publicly funded system,i affirmed the positive function of publicly funded system in the war,while the initial requirements of May twentieth movement,increasing the non-staple food fees,increasing public funds was not because of the system itself but the real reason hidden behind the above two requirements,that students were dissatificed with real politic and Kuomintang.The last part studied transformation process of the May twentieth movement from students petition for dialogue to demonstrations to against the tyranny,showed that the promulgation of "provisional measures to maintain social order,"in May 18 and Chiang Kai-shek conversation was the boundary shift of the transformation,it was KMT force repressive policies forced students to transform from dialogue to confrontation,from petition to the revolution.May twentieth movement occurred due to the joint action of a variety of reasons,of which the KMT factional struggles and policy blunders should bear a great responsibility.The movement changed from economic struggle to the political struggle under the mature application of the CPC,while the KMT’s military crackdown accelerated this shift.The most important result of the May twentieth movement was to promote the middle power represented by students and teachers turn to the CPC,to make the Kuomingtang more secluded and failed.