Research On The Change Of The Capital Of Henan Province(1951-1957)

Kaifeng city once was the ancient capital of seven dynasties in history.It also was the political center of Henan in the Yuan,Ming,Qing dynasties,the Republic of China and the early days of the founding of new China.But Since the Qing Dynasty,the status of the provincial capital had been shaken.At the beginning of Qing Dynasty,due to the burst damage of the Yellow River,all levels of government was forced to move out.In the late Qing Dynasty,under the threat of floods in the Yellow River,the Daoguang emperor proposed to move out the capital of Henan province.During the Anti Japanese War,under the Japanese threat,the capital of Henan was forced to move out Kaifeng.In the early days of the founding of the PRC,The government of Henan province hoped to move the capital of Henan province from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou under the historical background of the large-scale administrative divisions adjustment in the whole country and the establishment of planned economic system.Zhengzhou City which locate in the northern part of Henan Province,is in the transportation hub,rich in mineral resources and other advantages of economic development.But Kaifeng had a lot of development bottlenecks,such as the lack of resources,at the center of the Yellow River flood area,the threat of the Yellow River floods and other locations.The development prospects of the two cities contrast huge,In order to develop local economy and realized industrialization in Henan.Facilitate the leadership of the province’s work,especially the leadership of urban work,Local leaders in Henan made a request to the central about the capital moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou,and obtained approval.Henan Province planed Zhengzhou City as the future capital in 1950,but because the planned economy has not yet begun,the state has no major construction tasks,Henan Province and Zhengzhou City,only made a few small-scale construction.Zhengzhou was approved as the provincial capital of Henan by the Central Committee on September 19,1952.Since 1953,the Henan provincial government hired experts from the Soviet Union to carry out a more scientific and rational plan.Under the strong investment of the central government and Henan local government,Zhengzhou began the comprehensive construction of organs,factories,schools and hospitals in preparation for the migration of provincial capital.In 1954,Henan’s capital moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou.Kaifeng City adopted a series of measures to overcome the difficulties to the Kaifeng City’s economy and people’s lives caused by the relocation of capital from Kaifeng.Zhengzhou City did a lot of preparatory work to meet the provincial capital movement,including municipal construction,rectifing the traffic order,strengthen the material supply,to ensure the smooth transfer of Henan Province.Henan Provincial Party Committee Office for the relocation of a large number of organizations,Henan Provincial Organization Department of the resulting personnel and organizational relations have been adjusted to change.After the provincial capital moved out,in order to solve the problem of urban location in Kaifeng City and to minimize the impact of provincial capital on the Kaifeng economy.Henan Provincial Party Committee decided to Zhengzhou Prefectural Commissioner’s office move to Kaifeng City,Zhengzhou Prefectural Commissioner’s office,with the help of Kaifeng City,smooth settled Kaifeng City,and changed its name to Kaifeng area.Kaifeng City is responsible for receiving the real estate and site left after the relocation of Henan Province.Kaifeng City has been assigned after receiving,and has actively safeguard the interests of the city in the process of receiving.The provincial capital moved to Zhengzhou to promote the rapid development of the city.The rapid economic development,rapid growth of skilled workers;rapid urban construction;rapid development of education;cultural undertakings become increasingly prosperous;medical and health undertakings are improving;people’s living standards and happiness improved.Henan Province’s political,economic and cultural center city.The development of the new capital of Zhengzhou City,mainly due to the first Five-Year Plan period of the Central and Henan local governments to invest heavily and with the provincial capital moved to a large number of organs,enterprises and institutions.Duo to the loss of the provincial capital status,the development of Kaifeng City stagnated.The slow development of the economy,the decline of education,the decline of cultural undertakings,the backward development of health service,the slow growth of population and the irrational structure tend to lag behind:a large number of provincial organs,enterprises,schools,Leaving the closure,greatly weakened the power of Kaifeng city development.During the first Five-Year Plan period,Kaifeng City is a non-key construction of the city,its construction is not the national financial support.Kaifeng City must be deployed to support key construction of the city’s development.The Change of the capital of Henan province had a profound impact to the economy,culture,education in Henan.On the economic front,the provincial capital changes the urban layout of Henan Province,forming the base of the Zhongyuan urban agglomeration taking Zhengzhou as the center.While the provincial capital changes have led to economic development in Kaifeng City stagnation.On the cultural side,the change of the provincial capital caused the traditional cultural center of Henan province to be transferred,which led to result a two-sided effect and the influence on cultural transmission in Henan province.In the aspect of education,the provincial capital change is one of the reasons leading to the lagging development of higher education in Henan province and the lack of famous schools.In short,the provincial capital as a regional important political center of the city,its changes will certainly have a significant impact on the development of the region’s cities.Since China is a unitary centralized state,the national political center enjoys the absolute superiority of dominating resources.Then it is the provincial regional political center,the regional regional political center,and the county regional political center.Administrative centers at each level have the comparative advantages of dominating resources within their respective jurisdictions.Regional political center of the transfer,but also means that the urban development of the center of the transfer of resources.Therefore,the cities that become the center of regional politics tend to develop rapidly in all respects,while the cities that lose their regional political centers are developing slowly or declining.And the transfer of regional political center will also have a profound impact on the development of the whole city in the region.