Research On Traditional Village Landscape And Formation Mechanism In Xiangxi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan Province

Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is located in the hinterland of Wuling mountains.Its rich and diverse geographical environment,tortuous social changes,extensive and far-reaching ethnic exchanges,and religious beliefs of worshipping gods and ghosts determine that the landscape features of the scattered traditional villages are different from other areas.As the unique natural,social and political harmonious co production in Western Hunan,the traditional village is an important heritage left by China's agricultural civilization.Under the impact of rapid urbanization,it is facing the dilemma of landscape characteristics loss and remodeling.However,the research methods of traditional village landscape in this area are relatively lack,and the theoretical research system is relatively weak.Based on this,this paper attempts to start from the perspective of landscape architecture,taking traditional villages in Xiangxi as the research object,taking "sample form element factor context" as the research framework,supplemented by literature research,field investigation,statistical analysis and other methods,through the exploration of the three-level relationship of "human land","man-man" and "man God",from three aspects of nature,society and spirit,It systematically interprets the traditional village landscape and its internal formation mechanism and logic,enriches the application research of landscape architecture in traditional village landscape,and constructs the basic theoretical system of traditional village landscape research,which provides theoretical support for the research of traditional village landscape of other ethnic minorities in China.The introduction part is the theoretical preparation,which explains the background,object and significance of the research,combs the relevant research results at home and abroad,clarifies the research object,research content and research scope,especially describes the principle and demonstration structure of sample sampling,which is the determination of samples(Chapter 1);Then,from the geographical location,natural resources environment,human and economic environment and regional social changes,the context of the formation of traditional village landscape in Xiangxi Prefecture is constructed(Chapter 2);The elements of traditional village landscape in Xiangxi Prefecture are analyzed from three aspects: the relationship between man and land,the relationship between human and God,and the relationship between human and God The traditional village landscape is regarded as the superposition of a multi-element system.Starting from the farmland system,water system,forest land system,residential system,defense system,road traffic and public space system,sacrifice system and other elements,this paper explains how people in traditional villages carry out production,organize life and worship(chapter 3,4,5)On this basis,from the natural,social,economic,political,religious and other factors to clarify the reasons behind the formation of village landscape,in-depth analysis of the formation mechanism of traditional village landscape in Xiangxi Prefecture,summed up the inherent law of traditional village landscape generation(Chapter 6).The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The three relationship categories of "Human-Land","Human-Human","Human-God" can systematically analyze the traditional village landscape,which is reflected in the production and labor landscape,living landscape and spiritual belief landscape;(2)The traditional villages in Xiangxi Prefecture have the landscape characteristics of multi-level and multi-element,forming the farmland landscape of "appropriate curve and straightness,adapting to the situation" and "skillfully using terrain and chiseling walls" The water conservancy landscape of "opening canals",the woodland landscape of "natural and natural evolution",the residential landscape of "hidden and restrained,practical and simple,local conditions",the defensive landscape of "multi-layer structure,strict security and hidden mystery",the road traffic and public space landscape of "following the situation,compact layout and skillfully using stones",and "worshiping witches and believing in ghosts,mysterious and mysterious".(3)The landscape system of traditional villages in Xiangxi Prefecture is the result of the interaction of nature,society and spirit,and the forest system,farmland system and water system are the results of human transformation and adaptation to nature Road traffic and public space are the results of human social organization and life,while the sacrificial system is the result of spiritual worship.(4)"Sample-Form-Element-Factor-Context" establishes the relationship from micro sample to macro context,and constructs the theoretical research framework of traditional village landscape.