A Study On Exterior Space Design Of Traditional Miao Village In Qiandongnan Miao And Dong Autonomous Prefecture

In the context of the comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in China,the protection and development of traditional villages have entered a new era of extensive development opportunities.There are many traditional Miao villages in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture,which is one of the important gatherings of traditional Miao villages in China.The natural environment and the Miao culture of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture have been well-preserved,and containing abundant cultural landscape resources of Miao villages.To protect and utilize traditional Miao culture in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture and create high-quality exterior spaces for traditional Miao villages has theoretical significance and practical application value in promoting the construction and development of traditional Miao villages in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture region.This study focuses on the study of the traditional villages along the banks of the Bala river in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture,China.Using a cultural anthropology approach,comprehensive research methods such as field surveys,comparative studies,and oral interviews were applied to investigate the village site selection,layout,public spaces,traditional public architecture spaces,and village production spaces at a regional and collective scale.The main research results and achievements are as follows:(1)Traditional village site selection and overall layout patterns.Due to the historical experience of the migration of the traditional Miao village community,the traditional villages along the banks of the Bala river follow the principle of selecting a site with a back mountain,fertile soil,and clean water.The village layout respects the natural landscape and follows the terrain,resulting in two types of village layout: the riverbank terrace type and the mountain slope type.The village communities are influenced by natural spaces,with mainly linear and compact spatial patterns.(2)The cultural anthropological three-level analysis method and content for the external space of traditional villages.Based on the cultural anthropological field research results,the external space of the Wudong village was analyzed from the perspectives of the natural base,village site selection,village layout,public spaces,traditional public architecture spaces,and village production spaces.The cultural anthropological phenomena were explained,and the external space of the Wudong village was further analyzed based on the cultural anthropological structure relationship.The corresponding relationships between the three levels of cultural anthropological "material," "institutional," and "Spiritual" culture and the external space and its components were clarified.(3)Traditional village external space optimization strategies based on the integration of the three levels of cultural anthropological analysis.In conjunction with the subjective needs of villagers for use and the objective needs for cultural inheritance,a cultural anthropological perspective was adopted to propose the optimization of the external space of the Wudong village from the perspective of protecting the cultural material,ensuring the cultural integrity of the space,protecting the cultural institution and cultural attributes of the space,and ensuring the cultural authenticity of the space.Specific optimization methods were proposed for the "protected" space of the Wudong village.(4)A traditional village external space optimization design was completed based on the above analysis and strategies.Based on the deep research results of the Wudong village,the external space of the village was divided into the "protected" and "enhanced" types.The "protected" space was protected by preserving the spatial elements,architectural content,overall texture,surrounding environment,functional significance,and cultural activities.The "enhanced" space was designed and optimized by improving the modern function of the drum storage field,enhancing the cultural characteristics of the alleyway space,and incorporating new functions into the courtyard space of the houses.