| The concept of Preventive Conservation(PC)was introduced to the field of architectural conservation by Cesare Brandi in the 1950 s.Its theories and practices have been developing for more than a half century and have always occupied a position in the forefront of international architectural heritage studies.The theory of PC has been involved in the Chinese academic world since approximately 2009.After ten years of development and practice,this theory has gradually become a hot spot in the field of heritage conservation in China in the scope of state policy,scientific research and professional practice.However,related domestic problems are also significant.The concept of PC has been fragmentedly understood.The state’s cultural heritage policies and scientific research investments are facing foreseeable risks.Therefore,it is an important task for the field of architectural heritage studies to reconstruct the knowledge of the preventive conservation of the international architectural heritage represented by Europe,to investigate its historical context and future development direction and to construct its theory and methodology in China.First,Chapter 1 systematically collates and deeply expounds the development process of the preventive conservation of European architectural heritage,clarifies the concept of PC,and reveals the generation process of the relevant discourse system and international practice network.Based on the interpretation of a large number of historical documents and studies,combined with the field researches and observations of relevant European countries and academic organizations,Chapters 2 and 3 discuss and refine the two main original paths for the preventive conservation of European architectural heritage since the 1950 s,namely,Planned Conservation characterized by regional inspection,integrated planning and scientific conclusion as the first path and Preventive Maintenance characterized by high-frequency inspection and feedback actions as the second path.This thesis finds that the first path is mainly represented by the theories and practices of Italian scholars,reflecting the integrated perspective of Italian urban and architectural heritage thoughts,while the second path is mainly represented by the theories and practices of the Netherlands(and Belgium and other countries that are under the Netherlands’ influence),in which the deep motivation comes from the Dutch operation mode of community linkage and other cultural traditions.Since the 1990 s,the ideas of PC and contemporary conservation theory context have displayed a trend of coordinated development.During this process,the ideas related to PC have shown the more obvious characteristics of scientific orientation and instrumental rationality.In Chapter 4,the author investigates the evolution and reconstruction of the PC studies of European architectural heritage over the past 30 years.The trend reflected by this evolution and reconstruction process lies in the integration of the original paths,as well as the responses to the development and shift of the architectural conservation movement in modern and contemporary times.This thesis proposes and constructs the P-MMI(P=planning,M=monitoring,M=maintenance,I=inspection)model,evaluates the research and practice projects related to the preventive conservation of European architectural heritage,and effectively refines the related development path and trends.Through the P-MMI model,the author observes the integration process since the 1990 s of the two main original paths for preventive conservation.At the same time,a series of comprehensive project models with demonstration significance are formed,including the "Carta del Rischio" mode,the "Distretti Culturali" mode,etc.These modes are supposed to inspire heritage conservation work in China.Facing the new period of preventive conservation practices within China’s architectural heritage,Chapter 5 comprises a review and notes that preventive conservation has not been systematically studied or promoted since it was introduced to China approximately ten years ago.However,since the concept of PC has a strong scientific and technological influence and fits the domestic operation mode,which encourages hardware investments in scientific research,PC ideas have developed considerably in the area of monitoring key buildings.Preventive conservation practices in contemporary China mostly focus on "scientific conservation" and preventive monitoring but ignore regional planned preventive conservation.Therefore,although these practices are "preventive",from an overall view,conservation work in China is still "reactive".The second half of Chapter 5 is based on the system and practical mechanism of China’s architectural heritage conservation and management,and it incorporates the methodologies and results of the international PC studies of architectural heritage;in addition,according to the P-MMI model developed in this thesis,the development path of China’s "planned" and "preventive" conservation theory and method of architectural heritage is initially constructed.Chapter 6empirically applies this path by the practices of the preventive conservation of architectural heritage in the Changping District,Beijing.The conclusion summarizes the possible development path of the preventive conservation of China’s architectural heritage as proposed and constructed in this thesis according to the P-MMI model,i.e.,strengthening the integrated view,promoting the establishment of a regional planned preventive conservation system,maintaining the advantages of monitoring,enhancing software construction,improving the actions of high frequency inspection and daily maintenance,and promoting the shift from the current "science and technology—reactive actions—prevention" pattern to the "science and technology—planned actions—prevention" pattern.The results of this thesis not only respond to the strategic requirements in China’s new era to build a powerful cultural country but also contribute Chinese wisdom to international PC studies of architectural heritage. |
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