A Study On Regional Adaptability Of National Architecture In Hehuang Area

Hehuang area,which is located at the junctional zone of Mongolian Plateau,Tibet Plateau and Loess Plateau,embraces Islamic culture,Tibetan Buddhism culture and Confucian culture.Because of its typical geographic position,climatic conditions,and the various ethnic as well as religious culture,Hehuang area has various and multi-cultural regional national architecture.Hehuang area reflects a period of history in different times,areas,religions and cultures,and these different items communicated with each other,which is the best sample of analyzing the protection of ethnic cultural diversity.Under the background of globalization,ethnic culture dwarfs itself under the attraction of foreign culture.What’s worse,under the development of urbanization,the building model which separated from the regional culture and resource constraint worsen the environmental situation in ecologically fragile area.This paper introduces theoretically the cultural ecology and the theory of human-nature adaptability,and reveals dynamically the coupling relationship and the developmental regulation of the adaptation of human construction,concept-geographical environment and building.Putting various national architectural cultures into the overall environment of Hehuang area,understanding and exploring the adaptability of regional natural and cultural environment,as well as the feedback and adjustment mechanism of the cultural values of construction on the regional environment,this paper from the interdisciplinary perspective of overall and dynamic aspects increases the breadth and depth of Hehuang areas in building national culture research.The first chapter systematically reviews the literature of the architecture regional adaptability,and discusses the research methods,the research framework,the research area selection and data sources of this article.The second chapter summarizes and analyzes the evolution stage of the mutual adaptation of architecture,natural resources and social cultural environment,and the feedback and mechanism of the adaptation of regional architecture.This chapter also constructs the theoretical framework of the adaptability and conception of regional architecture.The third chapter analyzes the unique natural geographical environment and multiple social cultural environment which are formed by the ethnic diversity and religious culture in Hehuang area.From the fourth chapter to the sixth chapter,the author applies qualitative research which based on the investigation of settlement and architecture in Hehuang area.At first,from three levels of settlement,residence and religious architecture,this chapter introduces the process and law of the adaptation of national architecture in primitive symbiosis,adaptation to the environment and the stage of transformation and conquest.Secondly,this chapter analyzes the human activities on the environment construction from the absolute dependence of the environment,conformity of changing the environment and forming the ideal space to the environmental breakthrough and deviation process,and the process and causes of national architecture from its form,distinctive ethnic characteristics,to national characteristic fading.Finally,from the construction of the natural ecological concept and the intention of establishing religious environment the multi-ethnic cultural integration,this paper introduces the regulation and feedback mechanism of the buildings’ cultural values,which based on the ‘regional limit’ and ‘national selection’ building.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)Adaptation evolution of national construction in Hehuang area developed in the comprehensive effect of regional natural,social cultural and other environmental elements.During the different stages,the mode of interaction of the external environment and building exist many differences.The architectural adaptability will be changed and adjusted.1)During the original coordination period,buildings were restricted by natural environment,backward economic and technological conditions,and weak social cultural factors,which reflects the absolute dependence of natural environment for human.Human construction activities haven’t had an impact on the environment of Hehuang area yet,and buildings were adapted to the natural environment passively;2)During environmental adaptation period,social economy and technology were improved,which weakened the natural environment and strengthened the alternative function of social cultural factors.All ethnic groups in Hehuang area began to change buildings to adjust to the relatively hostile natural geographical environment and complex social cultural environment involved with nation and religion,which highlighted the diverse cultural characteristics of national architecture 3)During transformation and conquest period,in Hehuang area,the modernization process accelerated,and economic and technological conditions achieved leapfrog development.Human construction activities began to break through the restriction of climate and resources,and the discourse right of national subject was lost under the influence of multi culture.The form of architecture was opposite to the traditional regional national culture and the characteristics of national architecture were faded.(2)The regulation and feedback mechanism,which based on the cultural values of the consciousness of national cultural values,are the basic control elements of settlements and architectural adaptability of Hehuang area.Through the simple ecological view,this paper adjusts the environmental protection of the construction.Through the religious environmental view,this paper makes the ideal view.Through the integration of multi-nationality architectural culture,this paper highlights the cultural diversity of region architecture.From above statements,this paper shows the national and regional characteristics of the settlement and architecture in different time and space.(3)In Hehuang area,the regional adaptability of national construction is connected with the restriction of national natural resources,climate conditions and the topography,associated with the choice of national natural ecological view,religious environment intention and national culture habits.The "regional limit" provides possible form and direction for the development of national architecture,and the "National selection" determines the final form of nation building.(4)The "Regional limit" and the "National selection" exist at the same time and play a role commonly in the evaluation process of regional adaptability in He Huang area.The appearance of cultural characteristics of national architecture depends on that the cultural values of national subjects responds to and adjusts to the "regional limit" caused by external environment.(5)Nowadays,the adjustment and development of ethnic architecture can neither be separated from the natural geographical environment which related to the geographical conditions,but also accords with the choice of national cultural subjects which related to nationality.In order to better the architecture field,this paper appeals to strengthen the culture of self-confidence,and pursues harmonious development between architecture and nature,which refers to reshaping the building cultural values and standards associated with the sustainable development of nation,region and ecology.