Study On Taxonomy And Molecular Systematics Of Typhlocybini From China(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)

Tribe Typhlocybini(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)is one of the most diverse taxa in the subfamily Typhlocybinae with a world-wide distribution.Up to now,more than 700 species of 57 genera have been recorded all over the world,and 190 species of 29 genera have been recorded in China.Some of the species in the tribe Typhlocybini are important pests that can damage agricultural crops,ornamental plants,trees and vegetables.Currently,there have been many problems in the taxonomic study of Typhlocybini in China,such as lacking thorough study on fauna investigation,incomplete descriptions of some species,insufficient molecular data and inadequate study on the phylogenetic relationships among categories.In response to these problems and deficiencies,we conducted the research on the taxonomy and molecular systematics of Typhlocybini in China.Major results are followed:1.Recorded species: Totally 35 genera,7 subgenera,and 258 species of the tribe Typhlocybini were identified and summarized from China.Among them,there were five new genera established: Cinnamoma gen.nov.,Typhlocella gen.nov.,Kiwa gen.nov.,Subtilissimua gen.nov.,and Typhloseta gen.nov..And 70 new species(including 13 species already published)were recorded.There were 1 new record of genus from China,1 new record of subgenus from China,15 new record of species from China(including 5 species already published),and 1 new combination.The keys of all Chinese genera and species were provided,with taxonomic characters.From this research,109 illustrations of male genitalia of all new species,new records and some species were included.There were also 146 images of adult habitus(dorsal habitus,lateral habitus,and face).2.Biogeography Study: According to the zoogeographic realm criteria in China and the World,the distribution information of known 35 genera,7 subgenera and 258 species was analyzed.The results show that: 1)Chinese endemic species of Typhlocybini were up to 195 species(75.58%),indicated that it had distinct regional specificity.2)The unitary-region type of Oriental realm was the most abundant,with 212 species(82.17%).?Palearctic-Oriental? realm and Palearctic realm were the second highest.Other realms were less or not record,showed that species in Oriental realm and Palearctic realm were more genetically related.This may support Oriental realm as the origin of this tribe.3.Phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characters: Phylogeny study was conducted with data matrix containing 81 morphological characters from 72 species of 25 genera in tribe Typhlocybini from China.Phylogenetic trees were constructed,including 14 maximum parsimony trees,and one strict consensus tree.Several conclusions were demonstrated from systematic study.1)Monophyletic was briefly approved in the tribe Typhlocybini from China.2)Genus status of Limonella was questionable.3)Genera of Marcelcyba and Baaora,Opamata and Farynala were paraphyletic,respectively.4)The complex of Typhlocyba and Eupteryx were also paraphyletic.4.Molecular identification: Genetic distances were calculated based on COI sequences(709 bp)from 46 species of five tribes in the subfamily Typhlocybinae from China.Species identification was carried out based on threshold value.The results supported the establishment of new taxa in this study,including five new species: Cinnamoma quattuora sp.nov.,Kiwa suffusca sp.nov.,Subtilissimua pellicula sp.nov.,Typhloseta zhongi sp.nov.and Typhlocyba candida sp.nov..5.Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial genome data: Here,three molecular matrices(AAs,PCGs₁2,and PCGs₁2+r RNAs)were built from mitochondrial genome sequences of 47 species from five tribes.Among them,35 species of 17 genera were from Typhlocybini.There were 10 phylogenetic trees based on these data via ML and BI methods.Several ideas were concluded from systematics study.1)The subfamily Typhlocybinae and tribe Typhlocybini from China were monophyletic.Therefore,the tribes Typhlocybini and Zyginellini were closer than other tribes in the subfamily.2)The complex of Eupteryx and Typhlocyba were paraphyletic.3)The Farynala complex was monophyletic,and the topological structure showed that the complex should include genera of Farynala,Paracyba,Opamata and Warodia.4)There were chiral structure on aedeagus between genera Farynala and Paracyba.The results of genetic distance and phylogenetic research suggested that the chiral structures may be of the same species.5)The genera of Hirtettix and Cinnamoma were sister group.Insects from both genera are host specific and feed on saps from Cinnamomum camphora.Therefore,closer genetic relationship of tribe in China may lead to feed on similar food source.