| The leafhopper Tribe Alebrini and Dikraneurini belonging to the subfamily Typhlocybinae of family Cicadellidae(Hemiptera: Auchenorryncha),are big group with small size,rich speices and worldwide distribution,until now,Alebrini has reported more than 170 species in 33 genera around the world,there are only 2 genera 7 species reported in China.Dikraneurini has reported more than 470 species in 68 genera around the world,there are 12 genera 30 species reported in China.The thesis deals with systematically taxonomic study on tribe Alebrini and Dikraneurini.We review the research overview on taxonomy,morphological characteristics,terminology,studied materials information,biological information,economic importance and so on,with a basis of large number of specimens examined,systematically record Chinese species of tribe Alebrini and Dikraneurini and give a preliminary analysis on its geographical distribution;finally provide a preliminary discussion of phylogenetic relationships among Chinese genera and species based on the data of morphological characteristics.1 Taxonomy 18 species and 7 genera of Alebrini in China are recorded including 4 new genera,9 new species,2 new recordes;98 species and 34 genera of Dikraneurini in China are recorded including 13 new genera,56 new species,12 new recordes Generic characteristics and keys to genera and species are also provided,new taxa are attached with detailed descriptions and characteristic plates(92 species),and colour plates at the end of text are also given.New taxa studied here are following: New genera 17 Alebrini Maculosus gen.nov.Pellucidus gen.nov.Trinotatus gen.nov.Subvexus gen.nov.Dikraneurini Coalitus gen.nov.Expansivus gen.nov.Inflatus gen.nov.Luteotestaceus gen.nov.Multijugus gen.nov.Nigra gen.nov.Obtusangulus gen.nov.Ossificatus gen.nov.Quietus gen.nov.Sordidus gen.nov.Trigonicus gen.nov.Venustus gen.nov.Whiteedgea gen.nov.New record genera 10: Alebrini Alebra Fieber,1872 rec.nov.Dikraneurini Aruena Anufriev,1972 rec.nov.Ayubiana Ahmed,1969 rec.nov.Fusiplata Ahmed,1969 rec.nov.Golwala Dworakowska,1993 rec.nov.Iniesta Dworakowska,1993 rec.nov.Naratettix Matsumura,1931 rec.nov.Platfusa Dworakowska rec.nov.Takagioma Thapa,1989 rec.nov.Trifida Thapa et Sohi,1986 rec.nov.New species 65 Alebrini Maculosus pentastictus sp.nov.Pellucidus clavellatus sp.nov.Pellucidus pilosus sp.nov.Trinotatus flabellatus sp.nov.Shaddai majus sp.nov.Sobrala cultrata sp.nov.Subvexus brunneus sp.nov.Subvexus simplicicaulis sp.nov.Subvexus tersus sp.nov.Dikraneurini Anaka.auricula sp.nov.Anaka cruciata sp.nov.Anaka curvata sp.nov.Anaka elongate sp.nov.Anaka pararoryi sp.nov.Anaka rosacea sp.nov.Anaka spiralis sp.nov.Aruena centralis sp.nov.Ayubiana adunca sp.nov.Ayubiana protracta sp.nov.Ayubiana tenuicaulis sp.nov.Coalitus clavus sp.nov.Coalitus lituratus sp.nov.Coalitus longicaulis sp.nov.Coalitus striatus sp.nov.Coalitus tubulatus sp.nov.Coalitus vittatus sp.nov.Expansivus limbosus sp.nov.Expansivus rotundus sp.nov.Fusiplata anserina sp.nov.Fusiplata concava sp.nov.Fusiplata triprocessa sp.nov.Golwala(Golwala)tenuissima sp.nov..Golwala(Samtuadkita)aureolina sp.nov.Golwala(Samtuadkita)parasommaiae sp.nov.Golwala(Samtuadkita)bigemina sp.nov.Inflatus lutescens sp.nov.Luteotestaceus robustus sp.nov.Michalowskiya(Michalowskiya)flssa sp.nov.Michalowskiya(Michalowskiya)centrodentata sp.nov.Michalowskiya(Michalowskiya)rugosa sp.nov.Michalowskiya(Michalowskiya)spinata sp.nov.Multijugus rubicundus sp.nov.Nigra lunulata sp.nov.Obtusangulus obductus sp.nov.Ossificatus circinatus sp.nov.Platfusa aristata sp.nov.Platfusa cultriformis sp.nov.Platfusa florifera sp.nov.Quietus ravus sp.nov.Sordidus ramulinus sp.nov.Takagioma anguinea sp.nov.Takagioma facata sp.nov.Takagioma intrinseca sp.nov.Takagioma penicillata sp.nov.Trifida huaxiensis sp.nov.Trigonicus inordinatus sp.nov.Vikabara acantha sp.nov.Vikabara inflexa sp.nov.Vikabara lacunaria sp.nov.Vikabara runcinata sp.nov.Vikabara spinulosa sp.nov.Vikabara urogompha sp.nov.Venustus inclusus sp.nov.Venustus rostellatus sp.nov.Whiteedgea blonoidea sp.nov.New records 14 Alebrini Alebra neglecta Wagner,1940 rec.nov.Shaddai typicus Distant,1918 rec.nov.Dikraneurini Ayubiana enta Dworakowska 1993 rec.nov.Dikraneura(Dikraneura)denticulate Knight,1968 rec.nov.Dikraneura(Dikraneura)fragilis Dworakowska,1993 rec.nov.Fusiplata singularis Dworakowska,1993 rec.nov.Golwala(Golwala)bipunctata 1993 rec.nov.Iniesta bengalensis Dworakowska,1993 rec.nov.Michalowskiya(Michalowskiya)sikkimensis Dworakowska,1993 rec.nov.Naratettix koreanus Matsumura,1915 rec.nov.Platfusa arooni Dworakowska,1993 rec.novSweta hallucinate Viraktamath et Dietrich,2011 rec.nov.Takagioma silvicola Dworakowska,1993 rec.nov.Takagioma unita Thapa,1989 rec.nov.2 Faunal analysis2.1 The characteristics of faunal analysis of tribe Alebrini in China In the genus level,Chinese Alebrini most in Oriental realm in the world geographical region,the proportion reached 85.7%.But in China mainly distributed in the Central China region,followed by Southern China region,Chinese Alebrini almost can be found in the two areas,North China and Southwest China region distribution little.At species level,Chinese Alebrini Chinese most in Oriental region in the world,only a little distribution.Palaearctic realm..In China,mainly distributed in Central China and Southern China region,and less in North China and Southwest China realm.No matter in the world or Chinese land animal geographical division,Chinese Alebrini genus and species mainly distributed in Oriental realm.In Chinese zoogeographic regions,Central China regions is the major crossing region types,the data reveals that Central China regions is the influx and differentiation central of Chinese Alebrini.2.2 The characteristics of faunal analysis of tribe Dikraneurini in China In the genus level,Oriental region most with 34 genera,reaching 100% of Chinese 34 genera,Palaearctic region followed,the remaining four geography region distribution little.In the China Southern China regions with 25 generus,accounting for 73.5% of the total genera;Central China regions next,accounting for 50%;Southwest region 12 genera,accounting for 35.3%;the rest area is as follows: the Northern China region with 3 genera,accounting for 8.8%;the Northeast with 1 genus,accounted for 2.9%.At species level,The region types is 4 styles based on Chinese 98 species,the unitary region types just 2,as the Oriental realm and Palaearctic realm,the former type of absolute advantage,92,the proportion reached 93.9%,only 1 specie of Palaearctic realm distribution which accounted for 1% of the total.the Oriental +Palearctic realms are dominant with 4 species and the proportion reached 4.1%;the Oriental +Palearctic + Oceanian realms with 1 species and the proportion reached 1%;In China,there are 54 species distributed in the Southern China regions,,accounted for 55.1%;the Central China regions,41 species,accounting for 41.8%;Southwest China regions 20 species,accounting for 20.4%;North China regions,4 species,accounting for 4.1%;1 kinds of Northeast China regions,1 species,accounting for1%;In the world or Chinese zoogeographic regions,the distribution of Chinese Dikraneurini genera and species shows that,the Oriental realm distribution absolute advantage.In Chinese zoogeographic regions,the data reveals that Southern China regions is the influx and differentiation central of Chinese Dikraneurini.3 Phylogeny Using analytical softwares PAUP 4.0 and basing on data of 54 morphological characteristics from Tribe Alebrini and Dikraneurini to make the phylogenetic analyze through two methods of MP and NJ,totally respectively 2 phylogenetic trees base on morphological data are generated.It has some similarities and differences among the trees because of in different methods under different procedures,but we still get some information from them.3.1 Phylogenetic trees based on morphological data conformably support Tribe Alebrini and Dikraneurini respectively as monophyletic groups well,3.2 The result of two kinds of phylogenetic trees support 12 pairs sister group relationship(Include 24 genera),in addition,the results show that genus Karachiota,genus Motschulskyia and genus Uzeldikra have a close relationship;although the result of MP tree and NJ tree not entirely consistent,but still has the reference value. |
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