Analysis of the adoption of Geographic Information Systems in the local planning process

Nationally, use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies has become widespread. Applications and techniques vary greatly. The potential benefits are great. Advancement in the functionality, cost, capacity and speed of computers has been astounding. A variety of desktop turnkey systems are available for less than the annual salary of a qualified operator. Still the diffusion of GIS into local land use planning activities has been limited by our capacity to manage these systems.;A core of literature is identified which focuses on GIS management issues facing local government planning practitioners. National surveys are reviewed which identify the significance of management issues in the process of adopting information technologies. Model adoption processes are identified to address these and other issues associated with GIS. These models are based on organizational theory.;To explore these issues further this research utilizes surveys and other traditional geographic research methods, within a case study framework. This research examines the process of GIS adoption in local land use planning in Arizona. The primary case is the City of Douglas, located along the Mexican border in southern Arizona. In addition, Planning, Community Development, Public Works and Information Management Systems Directors throughout Arizona were surveyed to determine the current status of the diffusion of GIS. By systematically observing the adoption process this research describes the content and context of the use of geographic information in local land use planning.;Operational applications are shown to be the most popular. GIS are not commonly being used to make policy improvements in local government. Computer graphics, including maps are used significantly more often than hand drawn material. Still, graphics in general are used infrequently in decision making forums, including public hearings and City Council meetings.;The model adoption processes described herein are intended to remedy this situation. This research contributes knowledge which can help managers in designing their own implementation protocols. Further research is recommended to assess the day to day uses of this emerging technology.