Impacts Of Ecological Compensation Policy And Livelihood Capital On Sustainable Livelihoods

Since 1949,office always concentrating on domestic poverty alleviation issues.It has developed from Reliefing to Regeneration,and then to Accuration.Varied factors are been taken into consideration,including the nature of land,the nature of people,the reason of poverty and the type of poverty.At present,most of the state poverty counties and concentrated contiguous areas are located in the western region,and the ecological environment improvement in this region also in urgent.National implementation of transfer payment methods for key ecological function areas which implemented in 2008 includes two objectives: improving people’s livelihood and protecting the environment.According to the statistics of 2016,in the western region,the state poverty and development counties which as well as National Key Eco-functional Area ratio is 56.21% among the national key ecological function area.It is extremely difficult to cooperate the target poverty alleviation and environmental protection.Therefore,a new theoretical and empirical research is urgently needed.At present,government and scholars haven’t limited the poverty to income poverty or material poverty any more,but also recognized the lack of survival ability as a kind of poverty,which is the concept that has being admitted and identified widely.This paper considers the dilemma between eco-environment protection and poverty alleviation as the background,bases on the perspective that improving residents’ sustainable livelihoods is a kind of poverty alleviation as well,studies the expansion of the DFID sustainable livelihood framework,and aims to construct an theoretical framework that adapt to precision poverty alleviation for residents of key national ecological functional areas with double dilemmas.At the same time,there will be an empirical analysis about the impact of livelihood capital and ecological compensation policies on sustainable livelihoods of residents,following with a put forward precise poverty alleviation strategy,which is derived from the livelihood capital proliferation theory,supplement and improve the current research.Theoretical guidance and policy reference are also provided for breaking the path of deterioration of the ecological environment and the vicious circle of poverty among local residents,realizing the sustainable protection of the ecological environment of the national key ecological function zones and improving the quality of life of residents by reducing poverty and increasing sustainable livelihoods,and establishing harmonious coexistence and development between man and nature.Institutional environment.Chapters are arranged in logical orders,which are following “Problem Identification-Theoretical Analysis-Empirical Test-Policy Recommendations".At first,the importance of studying the sustainable livelihood of residents in key ecological functional areas of western China was put forward by doing the investigation of the theoretical and realistic background about the precise poverty alleviation problem in the western region.And then,there was a theoretical analysis,which focus on the analysis of ecological compensation policy and the impact of livelihood capital on sustainable livelihoods.When turning to the empirical test,an empirical investigation was conducted.Based on the descriptive statistics of the survey design and survey data,the impact of ecological compensation policies and livelihood capital on sustainable livelihoods and their impacts were analyzed.Finally,it puts forward policy recommendations and proposes policies and suggestions for improving the sustainable livelihoods of residents in the Qinba Ecological Function Area from the aspects of optimizing ecological compensation policies and multiplying livelihood capital.The main research content and innovative work of the thesis are as follows:Firstly,to build a theoretical analysis framework that is suitable for the sustainable livelihood promotion of residents in key national ecological function areas whom facing ecological protection and poverty alleviation.At present,there are two problems in poverty alleviation research based on sustainable livelihood perspectives.The first is that most of the existing studies are based on a sustainable livelihood analysis framework that uses DFID directly,but lack of research on specific issues.The second is that the current study of sustainable livelihood issues much more focus on the empirical aspects which is about the livelihood capital and sustainable livelihoods of unemployed urban residents and immigrants,but lack of theoretical connotation and framework micro-analysis.This paper constructs a theoretical framework which designed for the dilemma discussed above.The framework includes: 1.analyzed the limitation of DFID’s sustainable livelihood analysis framework,introduced environmental capital and psychological capital into the framework,and fixing other policy factors only considers the ecological compensation system.2.based on the theory of capital accumulation and resource allocation,adopting a max linear programming model to analyze the impact mechanism of livelihood capital on sustainable livelihoods,and deduced the optimal allocation principles of livelihood capital under conditions of maximizing sustainable livelihoods.3.analyzed the direct impact of ecological compensation policies on sustainable livelihoods of residents and indirect effects of multiplying livelihood capital,this part make up for the lack of theoretical research on the impact of livelihood capital and ecological compensation policies on sustainable livelihoods of residents in ecological protected areas.Secondly,empirical analysis of the impact of ecological compensation policies and livelihood capital on sustainable livelihoods of residents.Firstly,the survey data of residents in Shaanxi Qinba Ecological Function Area are taken as research samples,the indicators are weighted by using principal component analysis method,indicators are unified which provide data support for further empirical analysis;Combining the research results of other scholars,it puts forward the assumptions about the path of livelihood capital and ecological compensation policy to residents’ sustainable livelihoods,and provides theoretical guidance for empirical analysis.A regression model was constructed to empirically analyze the impact of livelihood capital on sustainable livelihoods,the impact of ecological compensation policies on livelihood capital,the direct impact of ecological compensation policies on sustainable livelihoods,and the indirect effects of livelihood capital.Research indicates: 1.The impact of the seven types of livelihood capital on sustainable livelihoods is significant,but the degree of impact is different.Human capital has the greatest impact on sustainable livelihoods,followed by financial capital,material capital,natural capital,and society capital,psychological capital and environmental capital.2.The implementation of the ecological compensation policy has a significant role in promoting other six types of livelihood capital other than social capital.3.Ecological compensation policies can not only directly affect sustainable livelihoods,but also indirectly affect sustainable livelihoods by multiplying part of livelihood capital.4.To propose policy recommendations for improving ecological compensation policies and optimizing the allocation of livelihood capital so as to maximize residents’ sustainable livelihoods.Thirdly,empirical analysis of the impact path of ecological compensation policy and livelihood capital on residents’ sustainable livelihood.First,using the structural equation model,an empirical analysis model was constructed which is for analyzing the ecological compensation policies of residents in key ecological function areas in China and searching the livelihood capital’s impact on sustainable livelihoods.Secondly,after statistically describing survey data and analyzing its reliability and validity,the structural equation model was used to determine the impact of ecological compensation policy and livelihood capital on sustainable livelihoods.Generally speaking,the impact of the top five impact factors in livelihood capital is concentrated on financial capital,human capital,and physical capital.They are the type of social security,the health status of residents,the status of residence roads,the average annual income by cash and the education level of residents.The first two impacts on direct and indirect impacts of sustainable livelihoods are the government’s ecological protection technology guide and the inspection level of local ecological protection.Then,combining the Chapter 4 research results,the impact of livelihood ]capital on sustainable livelihoods are reviewed,the direct and indirect impact of ecological compensation policies on sustainable livelihoods.Finally,corresponding policy recommendations are proposed.Fourthly,based on the sustainable livelihood improvement of residents in key national ecological function areas,an accurate poverty alleviation policy system was designed.The current research on precision poverty alleviation focuses more on increasing income and material wealth.Research on the optimization of related policies focuses on how to provide higher one-off economic compensation,and lack of research on sustainable livelihoods of residents.This paper integrates ecological compensation policies,livelihood capital allocation and proliferation strategies,proposes an ecological compensation policy system which take ecological protection technology guidance and supervision as the core.Human capital cultivation system with health,education and employment capability as the Core.Financial capital fostering system takes financial poverty alleviation,project-oriented,increases in residents’ cash income as the core.Natural capital fostering system take arable land increasing,cultivated land quality improving,and forest land supervision system perfection as the core.Improve the physical capital and social capital proliferation system centered on residents’ living conditions,infrastructure and public services.Provide important decision-making support for China’s national key ecological function areas,such as functional orientation,function display,poverty alleviation and eradication of poverty.