The Impact And Evaluation Of Livelihood Capital On Farmland Circulation And Ecological Farming

With the continuous increase of population in our country and the continuous improvement of the level of social and economic development,our residents' requirements for the quantity and quality of food continue to increase."How can we fill our rice bowls with high-quality self-produced food" is what we have to face China's grain production is facing tremendous pressure.Under the constraints of limited agricultural land resources,the effect of scale is one of the ways to increase food production.However,in order to stabilize the agricultural production team and "ensure the cultivation of human land," the central government has proposed relevant policies for agricultural land contract rights to be extended for another 30 years.Land is still contracted by farmers in a fragmented form.The voluntary transfer between business entities during the contract period is considered an effective way to achieve large-scale farmland,but relevant laws need to be studied in depth.Agricultural land quality is the basic condition for food quality assurance.Protecting agricultural land means ensuring food quality and safety.However,excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,arbitrary discarding of agricultural film,and wanton burning and discarding of crop stalks and other behaviors that endanger the quality of agricultural land are not in agricultural production.Not uncommonly,the regularity of family livelihood capital differences in affecting farmland quality protection behavior is worthy of attention.Based on the research on farmland transfer behavior and ecological farming behavior of farmers,this paper uses the theory of limited rational behavior of farmers to construct a research database using random questionnaire survey data of farmers in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province.The research unit is based on rural families.The current status of farmland transfer of farmers;secondly,the binary Logistic regression model and the Tobit model are used to estimate the impact of household livelihood capital on the centralized decision-making of farmland transfer and the transfer scale;then,the binary Logistic regression model is used to explore the household livelihood capital of households.Differences affect the four types of ecological farming behaviors in the agricultural production of farmers: reduction of chemical fertilizers,reduction of pesticides,recycling of agricultural film and straw treatment.The results show that,(1)Under the restriction of the policy of farmland contracting for another 30 years and the limitation of farmland resources,farmland transfer can promote the intensive and continuous large-scale production of farmland.(2)The farmland transfer market in the sample area has been relatively active,but the phenomenon of farmland abandonment still occurs.(3)Livelihood capital has a great impact on farmers' participation in farmland transfer.Human capital is an important factor affecting land transfer.The older the household head is,the greater the probability and area of agricultural land transfer-out will be,the probability of farmland transfer-in is smaller;Male headed households transfer-in more farmland than female headed households;Non-agricultural employment of household heads helps rural households to land transfer-out;The increase of family size will reduce the possibility of farmers transfer-out farmland,increase the scale of farmland transfer-in;The increase of the number of children of non-labor force will reduce the farmland transfer-out area;The increase of the number of non-labor aged people will significantly restrain the transfer-in of agricultural land.The more the agricultural labor force is,the older the age is,the smaller the possibility and scale of agricultural land transfer-out.Farmers with high educational level of agricultural labor force are more likely to transfer-in agricultural land;The social capital of rural families mainly affects the implementation of farmers' farmland transfer behavior.Participation in agricultural cooperation can effectively promote farmers' farmland transfer-in;Farmers whose families are close to market towns are more likely to transfer-in agricultural land.Household natural capital has a significant impact on farmland transfer.Contracted land area is positively correlated with farmers' farmland transfer-out,but negatively correlated with farmland transfer-in.Household material capital mainly affects the farmland transfer area of farmers,the larger the number of farm machines,the larger the area of farmland transfer-in.Family financial capital is also an influential factor in farmland transfer.The increase of family total income can effectively promote farmland transfer-in.The ratio of income to income of planting industry has a significant negative effect on the transfer-out land,and a significant positive effect on the transfer-in land.(4)The adoption rate of ecological farming behavior in the sample area was relatively low,among which the adoption rate of pesticide reduction was the lowest,and the adoption rate of water-saving irrigation was the highest.(5)Family human capital is an important factor affecting peasant households' ecological farming behavior.Family population has a significant negative impact on peasant households' ecological farming behavior.Peasant households with more non-labor children and more agricultural labor force are more inclined to carry out ecological farming.In terms of family social capital,having college students' children and joining agricultural cooperatives had a significant positive effect on promoting farmers' ecological farming behavior,while having village cadres and the distance between home and market town had a significant negative effect on farmers' ecological farming.Household natural capital has a significant influence on farmers' choice of ecological farming.Farmers with larger agricultural land area are more inclined to carry out ecological farming.The number of land parcels has a significant negative influence on farmers' choice of ecological farming.In the household financial capital,the total household income has a significant negative impact on the ecological farming.