| The rapid development of China’s economy is mainly due to the long-term factor-input economic development model since the reform and opening.However,the factor-input economic development model has brought about such problems as shortage of resources and environmental pollution while promoting the rapid economic growth.Moreover,labor shortages and rising wages are increasingly apparent as the population ages and "demographic dividend" disappears.The decline in the macro saving rate brought about by the population ages also reduces the capital accumulation rate.And the government-led approach to improving labor productivity by raising the ratio of capital to labor will also be plagued by diminishing returns on capital.Therefore,it is unsustainable to continue relying on the factor-input economic development model.China’s economy urgently needs to shift from the traditional resource-consumption development model to the TFP-driven.The improvement of TFP has become a new impetus to China’s economic growth.In addition,the level of industrial agglomeration in China’s manufacturing industry is constantly improving in the process of market transformation.As an important spatial organization form,industrial agglomeration can provide enterprises with the benefits of intensive labor market,intermediate input sharing and knowledge spillover.Therefore,industrial agglomeration is a crucial factor affecting TFP.The improvement of TFP is the new impetus for the healthy and sustainable development of China’s economy.The improvement of technological innovation ability and resource allocation efficiency are the two main sources of TFP growth.Improving TFP should focus on both improving the technological innovation capability and improving the efficiency of resource allocation.Therefore,this paper studies the direct impact of industrial agglomeration on TFP of China’s manufacturing industry from the perspective of industrial agglomeration.In addition,starting from the sources of TFP growth,this paper explores the impact of industrial agglomeration on technological innovation and resource allocation.Firstly,this paper systematically reviews and summarizes the relevant literature,and affirms that raising the level of technological innovation and improving the efficiency of resource allocation can help to increase the TFP.Secondly,this paper uses the DOP decomposition method to decompose the aggregate productivity growth of China’s manufacturing industry to explore the differential contribution of technological innovation and resource allocation to the growth of TFP.Finally,this paper combines theoretical analysis and empirical test to study the direct impact of industrial agglomeration on TFP.This paper examines the impact of industrial agglomeration on technological innovation and resource allocation from the perspective of sources of TFP growth.The main contents and conclusions of each chapter in this paper are as follows:The first chapter is introduction.This chapter mainly introduces the background,research purpose and significance of this article,explains the research content and research methods of this article,draws a technical roadmap to clarify the research framework of this article,and summarizes the possible innovations and deficiencies in this article.The second chapter not only reviews the relevant research on the effect of industrial agglomeration on productivity but also sums up the two major sources of TFP growth,sorts out the related research results that industrial agglomeration influences productivity through technological innovation and resource allocation.Firstly,this chapter systematically reviews the relevant research on the effects of industrial agglomeration on productivity.Secondly,this chapter provides evidence to support the conclusion that technological innovation contributes to productivity growth by sorting out related literature,and summarizes the related research of industrial agglomeration affecting TFP through technological innovation.Finally,this chapter affirms the role of improving resource allocation efficiency in promoting productivity growth through review of relevant literature,and summarizes the related research of industrial agglomeration affecting TFP through resource allocation.The third chapter calculates and analyzes the levels of industrial agglomeration and TFP in China’s manufacturing industry,and uses the DOP decomposition method to decompose the TFP of China’s manufacturing industry into technological innovation and resource allocation.Firstly,the study found that China’s manufacturing industry generally had a low level of industrial agglomeration,but the level of industrial agglomeration was continuously improving during 1998-2007.The industries with higher level of industrial agglomeration are mainly distributed in technology-intensive industries.The industries with lower levels of industrial agglomeration are mainly distributed in labor-intensive and resource-intensive industries.Secondly,the weighted average productivity of China’s manufacturing industry is constantly rising.Moreover,the weighted average productivity level is significantly different in different industrial agglomeration levels and in different factor-intensive industries.Thirdly,the decomposition results of the whole sample show that technological innovation and resource allocation are the major sources of aggregate productivity growth in China’s manufacturing industry,and that the contribution of technological innovation to the aggregate productivity growth is greater than resources allocation.The sub-sample decomposition results show that the aggregate productivity growth of low-level industry agglomeration enterprises is mainly due to technological innovation,followed by resource allocation.The aggregate productivity growth of moderate-level industry agglomeration enterprises mainly due to technological innovation.In addition,the contribution of resource allocation to the aggregate productivity growth of moderate-level industry agglomeration enterprises was positive in 1998-2002 and negative in 2003-2007.The aggregate productivity growth of high-level industrial agglomeration enterprises mainly comes from resource allocation,followed by technological innovation.The fourth chapter studies the effect of industrial agglomeration on TFP of China’s manufacturing industry by combining theoretical analysis with empirical testing.In theory,industrial agglomeration may affect the level of TFP through agglomeration effect,selection effect and cost effect.The preliminary identification results of China’s manufacturing industry by nuclear density map method and quantile identification method show that industrial agglomeration increases industry average productivity mainly through agglomeration effect rather than selective effect.The further empirical test shows that,firstly,when the level of industrial agglomeration is low,the agglomeration effect of industrial agglomeration helps to increase the industry average productivity,and when the level of industrial agglomeration is high,the congestion effect caused by industrial agglomeration will reduce the industry average productivity.Therefore,there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between industrial agglomeration and China’s manufacturing industry average productivity.Secondly,industrial agglomeration is conducive to the increase of the average productivity level in labor-intensive industries.The effect of industrial agglomeration on the average productivity of resource-intensive industries is not statistically significant.Industrial agglomeration causes the average productivity level of capital-intensive industries and technology-intensive industries to decline.Thirdly,the specialized agglomeration is not conducive to the improvement of industry average productivity while the diversified agglomeration can significantly improve the industry average productivity.The fifth chapter studies the influence of industrial agglomeration on the TFP of China’s manufacturing industry from the perspective of corporate technological innovation.Technological innovation is one of the main sources of TFP growth.Enterprises are the microscopic subject of technological innovation.Industrial agglomeration plays an indirect role in TFP by affecting enterprise innovation.On the one hand,industrial agglomeration helps enterprises to innovate through knowledge spillover,fierce market competition,risk reduction and cost reduction,increased supply of factors and diversified market demand.On the other hand,industrial agglomeration will hinder the innovation of enterprises through congestion,technological externality and improper government intervention.In the descriptive statistical analysis,this chapter finds that there are significant differences between the average innovation output and the proportion of innovative enterprises in different factor-intensive,different ownership types and different regions.Further empirical test results indicate that,firstly,there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between industrial agglomeration and enterprise innovation output,and China’s manufacturing enterprises are mainly located in the stage that raising the level of industrial agglomeration will help increase the innovation output.However,there is a significant U-shaped relationship between industrial agglomeration and enterprise innovation initiative,and China’s manufacturing enterprises are mainly located in the stage that raising the level of industrial agglomeration will reduce the enterprises innovation enthusiasm.Secondly,the impact of industrial agglomeration on enterprise innovation output and enterprise innovation enthusiasm varies significantly among different factor-intensive,diverse ownership types and different regions.Thirdly,diversified agglomeration is more conducive to Chinese manufacturing enterprise innovation than specialized agglomeration.The sixth chapter studies the impact of industrial agglomeration on the TFP of China’s manufacturing industry from the perspective of resource allocation.Improving resource allocation is another major source of TFP growth.Industrial agglomeration indirectly affects TFP by affecting resources allocation.In theory,information sharing,knowledge spillover,scale economies and market competition brought by industrial agglomeration help to reduce resources misallocation.However,false industrial agglomeration formed by enterprises for seeking "policy rent" under government intervention aggravates resources misallocation.In addition,the congestion effect can hinder the free flow of resources and lead to vicious competition among enterprises,thereby exacerbating resources misallocation.This chapter found in descriptive statistical analysis that the resource allocation of China’s manufacturing industry showed a trend of improvement first and then deterioration during 1998-2007.Moreover,the resource allocation in the moderate agglomeration industry is deteriorating,while the resource allocation in the highly agglomeration industry is relatively improved.And there are significant differences in the degree of resource mismatch in different factor-intensive industries.Further empirical test results show that,firstly,there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between industrial agglomeration and resources misallocation in China’s manufacturing industry.When the level of industrial agglomeration is higher than the inflection point,industrial agglomeration will help improve the allocation of resources.Secondly,industrial agglomeration has a significant lag in the improvement of resource allocation.Thirdly,raising the level of industrial agglomeration will exacerbate the resources misallocation in capital-intensive,resources-intensive and labor-intensive industries and will help reduce resources misallocation in technology-intensive industries.Fourthly,when the level of industrial agglomeration is low,industrial agglomeration will improve resources mismatch mainly through knowledge spillover and scale economies.When the level of industrial agglomeration is high,industrial agglomeration will improve resource mismatch mainly through scale economies and market competition.Regardless of the level of industrial agglomeration,the fake industrial agglomeration under government intervention aggravates the resources misallocation.The seventh chapter is the research conclusion,the policy enlightenment and the research prospect.This chapter systematically summarizes the relevant conclusions about the impact of industrial agglomeration on TFP of China’s manufacturing industry,and puts forward some policy suggestions to promote the growth of TFP,and points out further research directions in this field in the future.Compared with the existing research results,the possible innovations of this paper are mainly reflected in the following aspects:(1)DOP decomposition method is used to decompose the growth of China’s manufacturing industry aggregate productivity into technological innovation and resource allocation.This paper discusses the different contributions of technological innovation and resource allocation to TFP growth at different industrial agglomeration levels.(2)This paper uses nuclear density map method and quantile identification method to identify agglomeration effect,selection effect and cost effect,and further integrates measurement method to empirically test the effect of industrial agglomeration on TFP so as to be able to more fully understand the impact of industrial agglomeration.(3)This paper provides direct evidence that industrial agglomeration affects TFP.In addition,this paper starts from the sources of TFP growth,studies the impact of industrial agglomeration on enterprise innovation and resource allocation,and further explores the influence channels of industrial agglomeration on TFP. |
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