| Inner Mongolia is a core area where the grassland tourist activity happens in China.The grassland in Inner Mongolia has become an unique and glamorous type tourism scenic for its high coverage of grassland and ancient Mongolian culture.In recent years,the grassland tourism in Inner Mongolia has been more and more popular and a new period of rapid development is coming as well.Meanwhile,as a person who was grown up and within in grassland culture,I not only have a real feeling to the nomadic culture and daily life in Inner Mongolia,but also I started to think about the tourism phenomenon in the perspective of the experience theory during my PhD’s study.It made me do a further research on the grassland tourism experience of Inner Mongolia with an academic eye.But while sorting out and reviewing the relevant existing researches,I found that most of them are focus on how to develop and design the grassland tourism resources and production and fewer is on the grassland tourism experience.Even in the fewer researches on the grassland tourism experience,they are still about the designing and marketing for the production of tourism experience which haven’t got the heart of the matter.So the current research on grassland tourism of Inner Mongolia is still staying at the level of application and lack of depth and systemic.For the research conclusions of the minority of scientific theories,they are still sporadic and fragmentary and lack a theoretical guideline which can fully explain the specificity of the grassland tourism experience of Inner Mongolia in the aspect of social behavior.In the process of grassland tourism in Inner Mongolia,the interaction and the ritualization of interaction consists of the typical experience content.Even for the personal meditation in grassland is also with a sense of ritual.At present,the scholars in china haven’t paid much attention to the interaction ritual in grassland tourism,so it obviously is a gap in theoretical research.Inspired by the theory of Collins,interaction ritual,the author thinks that the interaction ritual can be considered as the primary object of observation in grassland tourism experience.So the theory of Collins’ interaction ritual can be the theory basis in this paper.The theory of interaction ritual and other relevant theories regard the situation consisted of interaction as research content and can explain the essential characteristics of the grassland tourism experience.As a special type of tourism,the spacious,vast natural landscape and unique,distinct Mongolian culture landscape form the most attractive landscape element together.This paper takes grassland tourists as the object of study,makes new explanations and interpretations to the concept of "essence of tourism experience","tourism field","interaction rituals","emotional energy" and "communitas",etc on the basis of the existing tourism experience and other relevant theories.This paper uses the mixed research methods including qualitative research,quantitative research and conception of theoretical research and collects data by interview text,web text,questionnaire survey and deep description.By the specific research methods of grounded theory,text content analysis,photo analysis,factor analysis,cluster analysis and situation analysis.this paper reveals the essence of tourism experience,clarifies the logical relationship among the tourism field,emotional energy and interaction ritual and then points out that the specificity and the tourists’behavior preference and process of tourism in the grassland tourism field of Inner Mongolia.The core theoretical problem in this paper is the emotional change and corresponding behavior pattern based on the personal emotional experience for the tourists and put the emotional phenomenon in the unique situation of grassland tourism in Inner Mongolia.In this research framework,the problems below need to be solved:(1)the theoretical problems in the field of tourism experience;(2)the relevant categories and the represented phenomenon about the grassland field in Inner Mongolia.Here are the research contents and conclusions below:The first chapter is for an introduction,it starts from the practical problems and current research on the grassland tourism of Inner Mongolia and finds the theoretical gap on it,then put forward the research problem,research significant,research method,content fragment and innovation point,etc.The chapter one plays a controlling role in logical structure and content fragment.The second chapter is for the theoretical basis and literature review.Firstly,differentiate and analyze the meaning of experience by combining the representative point of view of the experience in western philosophical phenomenology and psychology with the emotion ontology in china,put forward the symbiotic relationship between the tourism experience and emotion and point out that the emotion is the core of tourism experience on the basis of analyzing the existing tourism experience theory.Secondly,clarify the relationship between the ritual,interaction ritual,emotional energy,field and tourism systematically.The paper shows the process of the tourism experience is a process of pursuing the emotional energy;Finally,the paper holds that where the emotion and the emotional energy happens in tourism experience is in the tourism field which is used to represent the tourism situation and it comes true by the way of interaction ritual.The communitas is the strongest way of gaining the emotional energy.This logical fragment systematically is based on the combination between the theories of the tourism experience and interaction ritual chain,in addition to,the paper deepens and expands the theories on some aspects,accordingly making it have an unique effect on explaining the special form of tourism,especially the grassland tourism of Inner Mongolia.The third chapter is for making a scientific explanation to the phenomenon of the field in the present experience for the grassland tourists and construct the notion of "grassland tourism field",proposes two subcategories of "atmosphere field" and“behavior field".In the meantime,the paper concludes the characteristic of the atmosphere field and the behavior field and makes an empirical analysis on explanation the formation mechanism of the grassland field by the methods of the image analysis,semantic analysis and grounded theory by means of empirical materials.In the end,construct the conceptual model of grassland field on this basis which showed an universal tension on explaining the situation mechanism of the tourism field.The fourth chapter makes a speculative thinking on the interaction ritual in the tourism field with the principle line of the emotional energy.Firstly,improve and amend the theories of the tourism-ritual and interaction ritual chain from the special situation in tourism field and put the two types of experience behavior of "people-people" and"people-object" into the notion of interaction ritual by the theory of "inter-subjectivity";secondly,conceptualize and operationalize the emotional energy and make a category analysis from time,space,form and content individually to it.The paper points out that the emotion is a tendency in psychological and behavioral terms when his emotion is in lack and it is an internal drive of the final aim which human being pursues.Finally,construct the dynamical model of emotional energy of the tourism experience according to the theories of the tourism field and interaction ritual.The fifth chapter analyzes the maximized form of emotional energy in the tourism experience,that is,how the group peak experience---the communitas in tourism experience---is generated.With the help of grounded theory research method,this paper makes a scientific and systematic analysis of the generic,conceptual and formation mechanisms of the communitas in tourism experience,and on this basis,deeply describes the communitas in the context of tourism through the ethnographic research method and describes the interactive behaviors in the Roasting Whole Lamp Ritual from the three aspects of the ritual entry,the ritual process and the ritual results.According to the study,the Roasting Whole Lamp Ritual is divided into two parts:formal ritual and natural ritual.The first half is a formal ritual.It is carried out in an orderly manner under the orderly organization by the master.The emotional energy of the present guests is achieved through the guidance and arousal of the ritual organizers in accordance with established procedures.The second half is a natural ritual based on the continuation of the formal ritual.It is a ritual process initiated by the interaction and response of guests(grassland tourists).Under the catalysis of songs and wine,the body and emotions of the guests have been double-evoked,and the mechanism of rituals has changed from passive reception to active construction.In the natural ritual,the traditional and established procedure is completely broken,and the guests at the scene rely entirely on their free will to act.Therefore,when the whole lamb ritual is carried out to the stage of natural ritual,the whole ritual experience reaches the peak of group resonance,that is,the communitas.The sixth chapter studies the behavior of tourists in the grassland tourism field of Inner Mongolia.From the perspective of interaction rituals,based on the behavioral preferences of tourists in the grassland tourism field,by the method of factor analysis,the landscape experience in the grassland tourism field is finally divided into five factors,including the embodiment landscape experience,the natural landscape experience,the cultural experience of ethnic groups,the myth experience and the banquet experience.Furthermore,the five factors of landscape experience and the demographic characteristics of grassland tourists are clustered and analyzed,and then,the personal characteristics and behavioral tendencies of tourists are obtained under the five different types of the landscape experience.Sequentially,a market segment of grassland tourism is interpreted and divided.At the same time,several related propositions on the tourism experience of Inner Mongolia grassland were generated in the process of detailed explanation.Finally,discuss some problems existing in the grassland tourism in Inner Mongolia,such as man-made destruction of grassland resources,homogenization problems,commercialization and authenticity issues,and small commoditization issues.The author strives to propose some new ideas and improvements for the development of the grassland tourism industry in Inner Mongolia.The seventh chapter is to summarize and discuss the research.First of all,further refine and summarize the basic problems in this paper,aiming to make the category more vivid and the proposition clearer.Secondly,reflect on the present experience of the tourists,and think that maximizing the emotional energy is not only the essential pursuit of experience but also the core idea that grassland tourism must grasp in improving the quality of experience and developing high-quality tourism.There are several innovating points of the dissertation,including:1.Innovation of research perspective.Using micro-scenario analysis,the term of emotional energy is included in the research area of tourist experience.Emotional energy becomes a backbone of tourists’behaviour and emotion condition analysis in tourism field.It is not only the very focus of tourist experience,but also the final representation of tourist experience.2.Innovation of research content.This includes re-conception of several existing notions,for example,grassland tourism field,communitas in tourist experience and emotional energy in tourism.There are also some hypotheses been tested,i.e.the tourism field of Inner Mongolia is filled with interaction rituals including people-scenery interaction and people-people interaction.In people-scenery interaction,as aesthetic subjects,people focus on natural resources and grassland scenery.For people-people interaction,on the other hand,Mongolian people and their particular ethnic characters and traditional rituals become the spectacle in tourists’ eyes.Songs and alcohol drinks are the main elements in grassland tourism field,using these elements,tourists construct ritual significance in their experience.Interestingly,given the most obvious character of grassland is ’spacious’,the monotonous scenery contributes to the touching and shocking experience that tourists feel.In addition,many new models are presented in this dissertation,which include grassland tourism field model,dynamic mechanism of tourist experience emotional energy model and the generation of tourism communitas model.However,there are some limitations.This dissertation only focuses on the on-site experience of tourists,and how they contain emotional energy through interaction rituals.The change of emotional energy before and after tourism is overlooked.What’s more,the researcher mainly uses interviews and observations of tourists and their on-site experience to analyze,more research methods could be adopted in the future. |
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